This collection explores the latest advancements in diagnosis, therapy, and translational medicine, focusing on biomarkers in immune-mediated diseases, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines, and reproductive health. By integrating cutting-edge research in medical and biological sciences and public health, this collection highlights novel insights into precision medicine, immunological biomarkers, and innovative therapeutic approaches. Contributions from the SUMMIT Conference showcase the synergy between fundamental research and clinical applications, fostering advancements in patient care.