2026-10-16T05:10:54Z https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/oai.php

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35643 2019-05-14 pharmacia

Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Peikova, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3479 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tzankova, Diana Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Mateeva, Alexandrina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-7130 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Georgieva, Maya Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zlatkov, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-8454 2019-05-14 2019-05-14 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 1 1 6 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35643 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35643/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35643/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35643/download/xml/ A reverse phase enantio-selective high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for enantiomeric separation of 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purine-7(6H)-yl)-N’-(3-fluorobenzylidene)-propanehydrazide isomers. The enantiomers of 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purine-7(6H)-yl)-N’-(3-fluorobenzylidene)propanehydrazide were resolved on a ACE®Equivalence™ С18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase system containing methanol, water, phosphate buffer рН 7.4 (50:46:4 v/v/v). The resolution between enantiomers was found to be more than 2.0. The sample solution and mobile phase were found to be stable for at least 48 h. The final optimised method was successfully applied to separate the (R)- and the (S)-enantiomers of 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purine-7(6H)-yl)-N’-(3-fluorobenzylidene)-propanehydrazide and was proven to be reproducible and accurate. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society xanthine-hydrazone isomers chiral RP-HPLC Development of a chiral RP-HPLC method for identification of stereomers of newly synthesised xanthine-based hydrazide-hydrazone compound Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35293 2019-06-06 pharmacia

The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Mincheva, Irena Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zaharieva, Maya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-5649 Institute of Organic chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Batovska, Daniela Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Najdenski, Hristo The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ionkova, Iliana The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kozuharova, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9660 2019-06-06 2019-06-06 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 1 7 11 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35293 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35293/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35293/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35293/download/xml/ Potentilla reptans is widely used in traditional medicine as an astringent, for treating diarrhoea, haemorrhoids and for bleeding gums. A recent ethnobotanical study has reported on the anti-mastitis effects of the aerial parts of P. reptans decoction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antibacterial potential of extracts and fractions, obtained from aerial parts of P. reptans against three strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The observed MICs were within the range of 0.325 – 2.5 mg/ml. Studied extracts and their fractions exerted mostly bacteriostatic effect, with the n-hexane fraction of hydroethanolic extract being the most active (MIC 0.313 mg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 6538 P). However, further investigations are necessary to reveal the precise mode of action of P. reptans against mastitis. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Potentilla reptans antibacterial activity mastitis traditional use Antibacterial acticivity of extracts from Potentilla reptans L. Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35048 2019-06-06 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Podolsky, Illya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-7170 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Shtrygol', Sergiy 2019-06-06 2019-06-06 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 1 13 18 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35048 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35048/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35048/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35048/download/xml/ The object of the present study, 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one (Atristamine), has been deeply studied as a promising antidepressant with the unique spectrum of additional neuropharmacological properties. Previously, the memory-enhancing effects of Atristamine have already been studied in the passive-avoidance test after scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Thus, the study of the effects of Atristamine on the spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze under physiological conditions was the next logical step of our research. According to the results obtained, Atristamine (100 mg/kg) has almost the same effect on the main markers of the memory-enhancing activity (the escape latency and distance moved) as Piracetam (300 mg/kg) and Phenibut (20 mg/kg) chosen as the well-studied and widely-used memory enhancers. The escape latency decreased in the Atristamine group by 3.2 times compared to the vehicle control group, whereas Piracetam and Phenibut caused a significant reduction of this indicator by 4.3 and 3.7 times, respectively. Moreover, the rats from the Atristamine group swam 5.1 times shorter distance to the platform in the probe trial compared to animals from the vehicle control group. The distance moved was 3-fold shorter in the Piracetam group and decreased by 5.2 times in the Phenibut group. All drugs used in this study caused considerable changes of inter-quadrant preferences of animals. Based on the analysis of the inter-quadrant behaviour of rats, it has been found that there are considerable differences in search strategies associated, probably, with distinct mechanisms of the memory and learning enhancing action of the drugs used. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society 2-methyl-3-(phenylaminomethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one Atristamine the Morris water maze the memory enhancing effect The memory and learning enhancing effects of Atristamine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35083 2019-06-07 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Drapak, Iryna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-2908 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zimenkovsky, Borys National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Perekhoda, Lina National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Yeromina, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-3507 Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Lipakova, Kateryna Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Demchuk, Inna Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Rakhimova, Maryna 2019-06-07 2019-06-07 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 1 33 40 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35083 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35083/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35083/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35083/download/xml/ Aim. The aim of study was to determine of the parameters of the molecular structure of new 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one derivatives and QSAR-analysis. The latter can be considered as the theoretical basis for de novo design of new potential antioxidants. Materials and methods. 14 new derivatives of 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl] propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one were involved in the study and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. Hyper-Chem 7.59 and BuildQSAR software were used for calculation of molecular descriptors and building the QSAR-models. Results. The calculation of number of molecular descriptors (electronic, steric, geometric, energy) was carried out for the tested compounds: 14 derivatives of 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl] propyl) -2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one. For QSAR analysis, the compounds studied were divided into a training and test sample. The correlations between the antioxidant activity level and abovementioned molecular descriptors were shown in multivariate linear QSAR-model: Activity = ∑хіаі + bі, where xi – molecular descriptor. Based on the analysis of the obtained QSAR-models, it was found that antioxidant activity increases with decreasing of the area, molecular volume, lipophilicity, polarisation and increasing the magnitude of the dipole moment. The increase in the energy of the bonds, the energy of inter-nuclear interactions, the energy of the lower vacant molecular orbit and the reduction of the energy of hydration and energy of the higher vacant molecular orbitals also results in an increase in the antioxidant activity. The greatest effect of effective charges on atoms on the antioxidant activity was detected: the increase in the charge value on the morpholine cycle Oxygen and the decrease in the charge size on the Sulphur atom of the thiazole ring and the Oxygen atom of the acetyl group. QSAR models with better statistics were selected. QSAR models obtained are characterised by high predictive ability, determined both by internal and external validation and can be used for virtual screening of the antioxidant activity of substances of this class of compounds. Conclusions. 1). The study of the structure–activity relationships for 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3- [morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one derivatives were carried out. 2). QSAR analysis revealed the following: polarisation, dipole moment, lipophilicity, energy parameters as well as the size of the molecule and its branching possessed the most significant effect on antioxidant activity; the antioxidant activities of the compounds were increased with the increase in their hydrophilic and reductive properties; the molecules with small volume and surface area showed the higher level of antioxidant activity. 3). Obtained QSAR models are proposed for antioxidant activity prediction within the above-mentioned row of compounds and can be considered as a theoretical basis for de novo design of new potential antioxidants. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society antioxidant activity molecular descriptors 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2 3-dihydro-1 3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one derivatives QSAR analysis QSAR-analysis of 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one’s derivatives as potential antioxidants Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35022 2019-06-07 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Strus, Oksana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1638-1162 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Polovko, Nataliia Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Yezerska, Oksana 2019-06-07 2019-06-07 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 1 19 25 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35022 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35022/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35022/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35022/download/xml/ The aim of the research was to substantiate the technological parameters of cream production with the sapropel extract and work out the technological scheme for its production. In this study, extract of sapropel from the Prybych deposit, emulsion base, containing corn oil, emulsifier No.1, cetylstearyl alcohol, nisin, euxyl K 100 and purified water were employed. To carry out the research, a set of methods to analyse colloidal and thermal stability was used. Rheological properties of the samples were determined. The method of microscopic analysis was carried out to analyse the stability of the emulsion system. It was proved experimentally that, when producing the cream, it is appropriate to use the phase inversion method, and the emulsification needs to be carried out at 5000 r/m for 20 min. Size and shape of the sample drops, obtained at 5000 r/m, were monodisperse and more uniform, most of which range from 2 to 3 microns that indicates the system stability. The following parameters of technological process were determined: mixing temperature conditions, speed of homogenisation and mixing time. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society apropel extract o/w emulsion cream emulsification methods technology Justification of technological parameters of the cream production with sapropel extract Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35131 2019-06-07 pharmacia

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35139 2019-07-09 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Mincheva, Irena Wild Rodopi, Smolian, Bulgaria author Jordanova, Michaela Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Benbassat, Niko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-2728 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Aneva, Ina Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kozuharova, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9660 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 49 52 2019 Genus Micromeria. M Ancev author V Velchev author 1989 text 9). BAS Publ. House, Sofia 1989 356 362 I Aneva author 2016 2016 A Assenov author 2016 2016 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.053 D Dimitrov author 2011 2011 2011 2011 Euro+Med PlantBase (2011) Euro+Med PlantBase. http://ww2.bgbm.org/euroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=36285&PTRefFk=8000000 L Evstatieva author 2009 2009 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.955.10 L Evstatieva author 1998 1998 10.1002/cbdv.201200121 Chemical composition of the essential oils of three Micromeria species growing in Macedonia and Bulgaria. E Kostadinova author 2007 text Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2007 26 1 3 7 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.725 I Lulcheva author 2017 2017 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00352-1 2002 2002 Medicinal Plants Act (2002) Promulgated, SG No. 29/7.04.2000, Amended, SG No. 23/1.03.2002, 91/25.09.2002. Ethnobotany and exploitation potential of Oreganum vulgare L. I Mincheva author 2016 text in the Rhodopes, Bulgaria PharmacologyOnLine 2016 3 168 173 10.2478/v10089-012-0010-8 GC-MS metabolic profiling and free radical scavenging activity of Micromeria dalmatica. M Nikolova author 2016 text Biologica Nyssana 2016 7 2 159 165 Flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of bulgarian species of micromeria. Annuaire de l’Université de Sofia “St. M Nikolova author 2017 text Kliment Ohridski” Faculte de Biologie 2017 102 7 13 Red List of Bulgarian vascular plants. A Petrova author 2009 text Phytologia Balcanica 2009 15 1 63 94 Balkan endemics in the Bulgarian flora. A Petrova author 2010 text Phytologia Balcanica 2010 16 2 293 311 10.1002/cbdv.201100429 10.1007/s00606-005-0303-y 10.1016/0305-1978(91)90088-H Estimation of the status of representative populations of Sideritis scardica Griseb. in the Rhodope Mts. M Yordanova author 2000 text Phytologia Balcanica 2000 6 1 43 57 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35139 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35139/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35139/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35139/download/xml/ The present work summarises preliminary results of an ethnobotanical study in the Rhodope Mountains. The aim was to assess the traditional home use of medicinal plants for herbal tea by local people and to estimate the threats to the Balkan endemic Clinopodium dalmaticum. Semi-structured interviews with local informants from 15 localities in Central and Eastern Rhodope Mountains were performed in 2015 and 2018. As a result, the most used plant species were listed. The major source of plants was recorded as being gathered from the wild. The plants, known with the local names “wild mint” and “white mint”, were identified as Clinopodium dalmaticum from dried specimens presented by informants in Central Rhodopes. A frequent collection from wild populations of C. dalmaticum in Central Rhodope Mts. (Smoljan region) was revealed along with just a few cases of cultivation close to the studied sites. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society sustainable use medicinal plants plant collection herbal tea Clinopodium dalmaticum Ethnobotany and exploitation of medicinal plants in the Rhodope Mountains – is there a hazard for Clinopodium dalmaticum? Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35023 2019-07-09 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Burda, Nadiia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-5731 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zhuravel, Iryna Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan author Dababneh, Moeen F. Nizhyn Gogol State University, Nizhyn , Ukraine author Fedchenkova, Yulia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-3053 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 41 44 2019 GC-MS Analysis of Tribulus terrestris. P Abirami author 2011 text Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 2011 1 4 13 16 10.4103/0973-7847.125530 MV Gavrilin author 2008 Validatsiya analiticheskikh metodik. 2008 37 pp 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.005 Pharmacological scientific evidence for the promise of Tribulus terrestris. M Jameel author 2012 text International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012 3 5 403 406 Comparative and quantitative determination of quercetin and other flavonoids in North Indian populations of Tribulus terrestris Linn. by HPLC. A Kumar author 2012 text International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 2012 3 4 69 79 Comparative, qualitative and quantitative chemotypic characterization among North Indian Tribulus terrestris. A Kumar author 2012 text International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012 3 6 212 218 10.5923/j.ijmb.20120203.01 Spectroscopic determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Tribulus terrestris fruits. NB Patil author 2012 text International Journal of ChemTech Research 2012 4 3 899 902 Pharmacognostical studies on Tribulus terrestris and Tribulus alatus. M Raja author 2011 text Der Pharmacia Sinica 2011 2 4 136 139 Comparative pharmacognostical and phytochemical evalution of Brihat and Laghu Gokshur. K Renuka author 2012 text Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 2012 02 08 124 127 10.7324/JAPS.2012.2820 10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0036 10.3390/molecules15020613 Comparative and quantitative determination of quercetin and rutin in Tribulus terrestris L. fruits from different seasonal and geographical populations of South India. SR Yanala author 2018 text Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018 05 03 1362 1367 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35023 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35023/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35023/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35023/download/xml/ Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris L.) is a weed plant widely growing in warm climate. The crude caltrop has multidirectional pharmacological action favorable for the development of drug preparations. As in European countries caltrop is a non-officinal plant, it seems feasible to develop raw material standardization parameters for creation of novel drugs. In the course of thin layer chromatography research the following compounds were identified in caltrop herb purveyed during the fruiting season: rutin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, diosgenin. Diosgenin content in this raw material was determined by densitometry to be min. 0,11%. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society caltrop herb TLC densitometry Analysis of diosgenin and phenol compounds in Tribulus terrestris L. Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35132 2019-07-09 pharmacia

Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria author Tzankov, Stanislav Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tzankov, Borislav 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 45 48 2019 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1984.tb03380.x JG Hardman author 1992 1992 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000365 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03811.x Formulation and study of some controlled release tablets with pentoxifylline based on hydroxypropylcellulose matrix obtained by wet granulation method with PEG 6000. E Mircia author 2010 text Broad research in artificial intelligence and neuroscience 2010 1 2067 3957 10.1515/afpuc-2015-0026 Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of novel sustained-release dosage forms of pentoxifylline in healthy subjects. I Raz author 1998 text nternational journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology 1998 26 206 208 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1080 2011 Martindale 2011 Sweetman SC [Ed.] (2011) Martindale. Pharmaceutical Press, London, 4142 pp. 10.4172/jbb.1000018 2000 2000 United states pharmacopoeia XXIV-NF XIX, Asian edition (2000) USP convention Inc., 1441–1443. 10.1002/macp.1968.021180102 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35132 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35132/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35132/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35132/download/xml/ The possibilities for correction of the rate of drug release by minimal changes in the technology process and by maintaining the quantitative and qualitative composition of the product pentoxifylline – extended release tablets were explored. Correction was made by addition of different quantity of HPMC (4000 cPs) to a granulating solution of PEG 6000. The main characteristics of the granules (compressibility index and density) were established. The swelling of the hydrogel tablets in water was determined in order more information on the release process to be obtained. Dissolution profiles of produced tablets were determined. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society pentoxifylline tablets swelling index dissolution profiles Process optimization of preparation of pentoxifylline – extended release tablets Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35279 2019-07-09 pharmacia

Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Krychkovska, Aelita Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zayarnyuk, Nataliya Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Lobur, Ivanna Lviv Medical Institute, Lviv, Ukraine author Khomenko, Olena Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Lopatynska, Oksana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-8001 Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hubytska,, Iryna Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Novikov, Volodymyr 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 59 65 2019 C Gertosio author 2016 2016 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30552-4 A Krychkovska author 2018 2018 10.1080/20786204.2012.10874170 10.21691/fst.v10i1.73 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35279 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35279/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35279/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35279/download/xml/ This article presents the results of the study of problematic issues of organisational-and-economic character concerning the provision of children with baby food products in Ukraine and European Union countries. It is established that the marketing feature of baby food products in Ukraine is its sales from pharmacies. It has been proved that the cost of baby food products in EU countries and in Ukraine have no price gradation depending on the degree of economic development of the country. The dynamics of development of the Ukrainian market of baby food products, as well as the dynamics of the cost of baby food products in Ukraine, depending on their dispensing place, have been analysed. It is established that the cost of baby food products is somewhat lower in pharmacies. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society nutrition support neonatal period infant nutrition baby food market Organisational and economic characteristics of the baby food products market in Ukraine and EU countries Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35162 2019-07-09 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tachkov, Konstantin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3961-7556 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Mitov, Konstantin Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Savova, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-5524 2019-07-09 2019-07-09 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 53 57 2019 Evaluation of COPD treatment patterns for pulmonologists in Bulgaria. K Andreevska author 2010a text Trakia Journal of Sciences 2010a 8 2 358 364 Medico social analysis of the prevalence of COPD. К Andreevska author 2010b text Scripta Periodica 2010b 13 2 9 20 10.2147/COPD.S150243 J Bousqet author 2007 Global Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases, A Comprehensive Approach. 2007 155 pp Cost-effectiveness of interventions for COPD using Ontario Policy Model. K Chandra author 2012 text Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2012 12 12 1 61 10.1080/13696998.2017.1279620 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA1053 10.2165/11591340-000000000-00000 2015 2015 Ministry of Health (2015) Yearly report on the health condition of the citizens of Republic Bulgarian and fulfillment of the health strategy. http://ncphp.government.bg/files/doklad_zdrave_-17-10.pdf CJL Murray author 1996 1996 New epidemiological data for COPD in Pleven region. P Pavlov author 2012 text Thoracic Medicine 2012 4 2 44 50 10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9901044 10.1080/13102818.2017.1335616 10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-938 10.1016/j.jval.2018.09.2409 10.1001/jama.291.21.2616 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35162 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35162/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35162/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35162/download/xml/ The aim was to estimate the economic burden, as well as rate of progression of COPD for a cohort of 426 patients for a 10-year period. A total of 426 patients from 19 regions with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease were enrolled in a representative, ambispective, national study for Bulgaria. Patients were recorded on disease stage, occupation, smoking habits and medication. Cost of treatment was calculated and a 10-year one-way Markov model was used by employing transition probabilities and quality of life data from available literature. Costs and outcomes were recorded and a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC) was established. Out of all patients included in the study 288 were non-smokers with a mortality percentage after 10 years of 42.7%. Smokers showed faster transition rate with 139 of them transitioning to more severe states and mortality was 54.6%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was 863.75 BGN. Patients who smoked had a lower quality of life – cumulatively for the 10-year period QALY = 623.51 for smokers vs. 1557.51 for non-smokers, but also lower costs for treatment (538 007.52 BGN vs. 1 344 757.95 BGN) accounted by the high transition rate and mortality amongst that group. Relatively few non-smokers transitioned from a less severe to a more severe state (6%), while most of the very severe stage patients experienced a lethal outcome within 10 years (81%). Despite the higher costs associated with the disease, the Quality of Life and lower transition probability would enable patients to live a normal life. The ICER was well below the WHO threshold. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society COPD Markov Model Pharmacotherapy Cost-effectiveness Predicting the outcomes and costs for a cohort of 426 patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Bulgaria through a Markov model Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36530 2019-07-23 pharmacia

Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Union, Sofia, Bulgaria author Balkanski, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-7918 Мedical University, Pleven, Bulgaria author Simeonova, Joana Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Union, Sofia, Bulgaria author Gitev, Ivan Мedical University, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Union, Sofia, Bulgaria author Getov, Ilko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-9327 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 79 83 2019 10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.12.1162 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009739 10.1157/13125364 10.1377/hlthaff.21.5.182 Guidelines on good pharmacy practice: Standards for quality of pharmacy services. WHO Technical Report, no. 2011 text 2011 961 310 23 CA Gaither author 2015 2015 Testing willingness to pay for blood pressure measurement in community pharmacy. EE Grigorov author 2012 text African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2012 6 13 1005 1010 10.1016/j.sapharm.2010.12.001 2018 2018 IPU (2018) IPU pilot to detect hypertension and atrial fibrillation in the community 2018. SB Kayne author 2005 2005 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.021 10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.02.005 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.01.010 2018 2018 PGEU (2018) PGEU Annual Report 2018. https://www.pgeu.eu/publications/annual-report/ 10.1136/bmj.c2298 10.3390/ijerph7083150 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.399 10.2165/00019053-200725090-00006 2007 2007 TheDrugAct (2007) Law for medicinal products in human medicine. Http://Lex.Bg/Bg/Laws/Ldoc/2135549536 10.1111/ijpp.12037 Vaccination Antigrippale: Se Préparer à La Généralisation. La Revue Trimestrielle de l’Ordre National Des Pharmaciens, no. C Wolf-Thal author 2019 text 2019 9 6 7 D Wright author 2016 2016 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36530 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36530/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36530/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36530/download/xml/ Value-added pharmacy services (VAPS) are additional services to the traditional pharmacy activities, which do not include dispensing of medicinal products and professional consultation. Over 51% of the community pharmacies in Bulgaria offer VAPS but mainly measuring of blood pressure (67.4%) and blood glucose (12.9%). About 60% of community pharmacists in the country are willing to perform other VAPS. About 70% of them believe that patients would rate VAPS as useful. Younger pharmacists with professional experience less than 5 years (90.9%) tend to believe that VAPS would be positively rated by their patients. The study shows that VAPS different from consultation and dispensing of medicinal products have a potential for development in the community pharmacies in Bulgaria. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Value-added pharmacy services pharmacists community pharmacy patient benefits Evaluation of the current status of the value-added pharmacy services and pharmacists’ attitude in Bulgaria Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35976 2019-07-23 pharmacia

Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kostadinova, Ivanka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-8983 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Danchev, Nikolai 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 67 74 2019 10.1172/JCI111331 N Angelova author 2013 Farmacia – dela i dokumenti. 2013 116 pp 10.1517/13543780903002082 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.02.004 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013666 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014180 10.3109/21556660.2013.833099 10.3109/21556660.2013.791623 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.03.007 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90343-3 10.1016/0013-4694(70)90164-1 10.1002/ana.410270215 10.1016/S0035-3787(04)71001-2 10.1016/j.clim.2011.06.004 10.1016/j.tins.2008.04.001 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00143-9 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-20-08789.1999 10.1212/01.wnl.0000326213.89576.0e 10.1007/s13311-012-0156-3 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01387.x 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00029.x 10.1177/0091270003251388 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.006 Modulation of outward K+ conductance is a post-activational event in rat T lymphocytes responsible for the adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. S Judge author 1997 text Journal of Biomedical Science 1997 4 98 110 10.1002/mus.880030203 10.1152/jn.1992.67.1.125 10.1016/S0028-3908(02)00339-8 10.1097/00000542-197905000-00008 V Mitzov author 1967 1967 10.1007/978-3-642-70682-0_33 10.1097/00002060-199202000-00005 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00021.x 10.1093/brain/123.1.171 10.1098/rstb.1999.0510 10.1002/14651858.CD001330 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00676-6 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00027.x 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021036 10.1056/NEJM198206243062505 S Waxman author 1996 1996 10.1056/NEJM199801293380610 Potassium channels as therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders. H Wulff author 2003 text Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development 2003 6 640 647 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35976 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35976/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35976/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35976/download/xml/ In this review are described the preclinical and clinical pharmacological data as well as new therapeutic indications for the use of 4-aminopyridine. 4-aminopyridine is a potassium (K+) channel blocker that has a long history and various application areas. It is a chemical agent developed in 1963 as a bird poison. The first approval for clinical application of 4-aminopyridine was in 70’s in Bulgaria, since anesthetists in that country have confirmed its effect as reversal agent for nondepolarizing myorelaxants. The Bulgarian pharmaceutical company Sopharma commersialized 4-aminopyridine under the trade name Pymadin. Since then 4-aminopyridine was extensively studied and in 2010 is approved in the USA for the treatment of walking disabilities in patients with multiple sclerosis. In recent years, data from clinical trials indicated that K-channel blockade may prove to be an appropriate strategy to overcome disturbances in nerve impulses conduction associated with demyelination of the central nervous system. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society 4-aminopyridine multiple sclerosis neurodegenerative diseases 4-aminopyridine – the new old drug for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36143 2019-07-23 pharmacia

Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Becheva, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-8280 Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Petrova, Gergana Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Kirkova-Bogdanova, Angelina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-8186 UMHATEM “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Atanasov, Petar https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8337-2089 2019-07-23 2019-07-23 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 75 77 2019 M Becheva author 2015 2015 Y Bergeron author 2008 2008 M Dufur author 1999 1999 10.1016/S1779-0123(08)70028-7 R Kostov author 2010 2010 T Krastev author 2016 Kinesitherapy in functional disorders of the sacroiliac joint. 2016 26 pp G Pierron author 2000 2000 N Popov author 2009 2009 N Popov author 2013 2013 10.1016/j.berh.2009.08.013 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.11.022 10.1016/j.kine.2012.02.002 10.1136/ard.2004.028886 10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36143 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36143/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36143/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36143/download/xml/ Hip arthrosis is the main cause of disability of all degenerative joint diseases and therefore it is considered to be of social significance. The presented clinical case aims to confirm the efficacy of the applied kinesitherapeutic program in conservative treatment of 62-year-old patient with right-sided coxarthrosis. The kinesitherapeutic methods included right lower limb massage, suspension therapy, tractions and manual movements of the right hip joint, positional treatment, active exercisesinan openkinetic chain, postisometric relaxation and stretching for shortened muscles. The pain symptoms were reduced, the volume of movement in the right hip increased, the strength of the right hip joint stabilizer muscles partially improved. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society coxarthrosis functional deficiency kinesitherapy Kinesitherapeutic behaviour in conservative treatment of coxarthrosis – case report Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37035 2019-10-10 pharmacia

Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ilieva, Viktoria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-602X Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria author Georgieva, Tzveta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-9448 National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria author Pavlova, Vera 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 91 97 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37035 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37035/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37035/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37035/download/xml/ As a result of blooming, some cyanobacteria (Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix, etc.) produce toxins at concentrations that are high enough to poison and even kill animals and humans. According to Annex II of the Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, transformed into the Bulgarian legislation, for the characterization of surface water, at this stage, there are no acceptable limit values for cyanotoxins. Cyanotoxins include some of the strongest natural poisons, including those that could cause rapid death due to respiratory failure. The aim of this publication is an overview of toxic cyanobacteria and toxicity mechanisms. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society cyanobacteria mechanism of action toxicity Toxicity of cyanobacteria. Organotropy of cyanotoxins and toxicodynamics of cyanotoxins by species Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37263 2019-10-10 pharmacia

author Mitkov, Javor Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zlatkov, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1695-8454 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 99 106 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37263 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37263/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37263/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37263/download/xml/ New series of caffeine-8-(2-thio)-propanoic hydrazid-hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized. The targed compounds were obtained in yields of 51 to 96% and their structures were elucidated by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and microanalyses. All of the compounds were found to be “drug-like” as they fulfill the criteria of drug-likeness, which includes the MDDR-like rule. The tested compounds were subjected to in silico prediction of substrate/metabolite specificity and Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI). The prediction for indicated that the evaluated compounds would most probably act as CYP1A2 substrates. The performed in vitro studies didn’t reveal statistically significant hepatotoxicity of the tested compounds, probably due to the pro-oxidant effects expressed on sub-cellular (isolated rat liver microsomes) level. The obtained experimental results confirmed the predicted low hepatotoxicity for the tested structures. Based on these results the compounds may be considered as promising structures for design of future molecules with low hepatotoxicity. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society caffeine isolated rat liver microsomes pro-oxidant effects Synthesis and preliminary hepatotoxicity evaluation of new caffeine-8-(2-thio)-propanoic hydrazid-hydrazone derivatives Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35880 2019-10-10 pharmacia

Medical University-Sofia, Faculty of public health, Sofia , Bulgaria author Stoimenova, Assena Bulgarian Drug Agency , Sofia , Bulgaria author Kirilov, Bogdan Medical University-Varna, Faculty of medicine, Sofia , Bulgaria author Zaykova, Krassimira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-9493 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 85 89 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35880 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35880/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35880/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35880/download/xml/ The current study analyses the regulatory inspection findings of the wholesalers in Bulgaria in 2017 and compares the results with the findings from some other EU member-states. In total, 48 GDP inspections were performed in 2017. 50% of the inspections were performed in relation with issuing an authorization for wholesale of medicines, the rest half were related to changes in already granted authorizations. During the inspections, 17 non-conformities (NCs) have been documented. The NCs were identified in 3 wholesalers and 6 deficiencies were classified as major. No critical deficiencies were found. NCs were found in 6.25% of the inspected companies. No critical NCs were identified and only 6 NCs were classified as major which demonstrated high level of compliance of distributions sites in Bulgaria with the requirements of GDP. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Good Distribution Practice (GDP) medicinal products non-conformities deficiencies supply chain compliance Bulgarian Drug Agency Analysis of good distribution practice inspection deficiency data of pharmaceutical wholesalers in Bulgaria Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38573 2019-10-10 pharmacia

Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Yordanov, Yordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-9870 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 107 114 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38573 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38573/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38573/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38573/download/xml/ Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the major pharmacologically-active component of some propolis types, rich in polyphenols, such as poplar propolis types. CAPE has the potential to be applied as a pharmaceutical as it possesses most of the pharmacological activities of propolis, such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Its advantage is that it lacks some of the downsides of total propolis extracts, such as inability for unified standardization, which is cornerstone for implementing its therapeutic potential as a drug. The current paper provides an overview on the pharmacodynamic principles of CAPE. We present literature search outcomes form ClinicalTrials.gov database and from scientific publications, available on Scopus and Crossref databases. We take a round view of CAPE’s potential therapeutic implications in light of approved drugs with related modes of action. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Pharmacology therapeutic application selective inhibitor of nuclear export NF-κB activation inhibition Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): pharmacodynamics and potential for therapeutic application Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35969 2019-11-07 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hudz, Nataliia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-0852 Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for Quality of Medicines, Kharkiv, Ukraine author leontiev, Dmytro University of Opole, Opole, Poland author Wieczorek, Piotr P. 2019-11-07 2019-11-07 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 121 125 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35969 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35969/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35969/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35969/download/xml/ Objectives: To study 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) spectral characteristics aiming at their future application in analytical procedures and their validation for the determination of 5-HMF in liquid products containing glucose after sterilization. Method: Direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of 5-HMF using the molar absorption coefficient at the absorption maximum (284 nm). Results and discussion: aqueous 5-HMF solutions have strong absorption in the ultraviolet range below 310 nm and give two absorption maxima at wavelengths of 229–230 nm and 284 nm. An excellent linear relationship between absorbance and 5-HMF concentration was observed in the concentration range of 2.0–10.0 mg/l. The linear dependence passes through the origin. The molar absorption coefficients of 5-HMF were determined and found to be 3007 mol−1•L•cm−1at 229–230 nm and 16070 mol−1•L•cm−1at 284 nm. The use of the molar absorption coefficient of 5-HMF stated in the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America for determining 5-HMF in polydextrose (16830 mol−1·L·cm−1at 283 nm) gives recovery results for model solutions of reference substance of 5-HMF that are acceptable from the point of view of the requirements of the State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine for methods of quantitative determination of impurities. However, other values of the molar absorption coefficient (17000 and 22700 mol−1•L•cm−1) given in the scientific publications are unsuitable for the quantitative determination of 5-HMF as an impurity in medicinal products. Conclusion: The molar absorption coefficient (16830 mol−1•L•cm−1at 284 nm) may be used to quantify 5-HMF as an impurity in medicinal products containing glucose. For a specific medicinal product, a full validation of the analytical procedure of the 5-HMF determination is required taking into account the composition of this product. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society 5-hydroxymethylfurfural spectrophotometric method molar absorption coefficient medicinal products containing glucose Spectral characteristics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a related substance in medicinal products containing glucose Short Communication

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37954 2019-11-07 pharmacia

Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Petkova, Valentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1054 Medical University – Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Hadzhieva, Bozhidarka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-5695 Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Nedialkov, Paraskev https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-6120 2019-11-07 2019-11-07 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 115 119 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37954 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37954/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37954/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37954/download/xml/ Medicinal plants, their extracts and herbal medicinal products occupy a growing share of medicines in the pharmacy worldwide. Historically, the first medicines were products of plants, as well as some of the most important medicines still in use today. With the development of phytochemistry, as part of the pharmaceutical science, great progress has been made in the isolation and in determining the value of a number of biologically active substances (BAS). Many plants have yielded pure substances (or natural products) that are applied in modern medical practice. Other compounds are potentially useful or have toxic effects. Traditional medicine incorporating many herbal medicines remains an important (and in some cases, the only) form of treatment in some countries, with increasing use in medical practice. On the other hand, the fact that in pediatric patients there is a limitation, mainly moral and ethical, of the number of medications to be administered due to the difficulty of conducting clinical trials in children, stimulates the use of herbal medicines of proven quality, effectiveness and safety among this group of patients. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society phytotherapeutic alternative medicines pediatric medicinal plants Phytotherapeutic approaches to treatment and prophylaxis in pediatric practice Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e47035 2019-11-12 pharmacia

Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tzankova, Diana Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Peikova, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3479 University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria author Vladimirova, Stanislava https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-9980 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Georgieva, Maya 2019-11-12 2019-11-12 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 127 134 2019 10.1016/S0149-6395(01)80006-4 10.1055/s-0031-1296457 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.064 10.2174/157018010791306588 10.1016/S0223-5234(00)00123-9 10.2174/15734064113096660069 Determination of Hydrolytic stability and acute toxicity of previously synthesized pyrrole-based hydrazones. M Georgieva author 2012 text Pharmacia 2012 59 1 10 16 10.12955/cbup.v5.1075 10.1021/ac981022v 10.1155/2014/761030 10.1002/anie.200802651 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.016 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.021 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.011 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.056 10.2174/1573406411208030462 10.3390/molecules16010016 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.056 10.3109/14756366.2015.1005012 10.1007/BF01129203 10.1093/chrsci/49.10.780 10.12955/cbup.v6.1314 10.12955/cbup.v6.1314 D Tzankova author 2019a 2019a D Tzankova author 2019b 2019b 10.3109/14756366.2012.688043 10.15761/PDDT.1000103 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.08.010 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.021 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e47035 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47035/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47035/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47035/download/xml/ RP-HPLC method with UV detection was developed and validated for determination of the chemical stability and stability in close to physiological conditions of a model pyrrole hydrazone ethyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazineyl)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (D_5d), containing susceptible to hydrolysis hydrazone group. The evaluated substance was subjected to the influence of a variety of pH , representing the main physiological values of 37°C and corresponding pH values in the stomach (pH 2.0), blood (pH 7.4) and small intestine (pH 9.0). Chemical stability in a highly alkaline medium with a pH of 13.0 was also evaluated. The hydrazone I tested was found to be stable at pH 7.4 and pH 9.0 and 37 ° C and hydrolyzed under strong acidic (pH 2.0) and highly alkaline media (pH 13.0) and at the same temperature.The products of hydrolysis were identified to be the initial hydrazide and aldehyde, pointing the hydrazone group as most liable. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society pyrrole-hydrazide pyrrole-hydrazone stability RP-HPLC validation Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for stability evaluation of model hydrazone, containing a pyrrole ring Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35075 2019-11-26 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Ryvak, Tetiana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-1109 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Denysiuk, Oksana 2019-11-26 2019-11-26 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 135 140 2019 10.18549/PharmPract.2016.03.782 Modern approaches towards issues concerning a healthy way of life. SV Cherevko author 2013 text Pedagogy Formation of Creative Personality in Higherand Secondary Schools 2013 33 86 409 414 Ye Dmitrik author 2015 2015 Ye Dmitrik author 2016 2016 SS Harkavenko author 2004 Marketing: a textbook. 2004 712 pp BP Hromovyk author 2008 2008 Legal regulation of medicines advertising in Ukraine: problems and perspectives. HV Huseva author 2014 text Bulletin of the Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine 2014 2 30 40 48 Yu Kordubaylo author 2014 2014 N Movchazna author 2016 2016 The relevance of advertisemen to fmedical preparations on television. I Nosenko author 2015 text Scientific Research of Ukrainian Media Content: Social Dimension 2015 3 54 60 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70422 2018 2018 Ukrainian State List of Registered Drugs (2018) Ukrainian State List of Registered Drugs. [In Ukrainian] http://www.drlz.com.ua 2008 2008 World Self-Medication Industry, WSMI (2008) Advertising of non prescription medicines to the public. A significant contributor to health care. http://www.wsmi.org/wp-content/data/pdf/wsmi_brochureadvertising.pdf 2019 2019 World Self-Medication Industry, WSMI (2019) Advertising of non prescription medicines. http://www.wsmi.org/policy-principles/advertising-of-nonprescription-medicines/ Attitude of medical students for taking drugs: problem of irresponsible self-treatment. N Zaremba author 2015 text Pharmacia 2015 62 3 10 14 IA Zupanets author 2003 Pharmaceutical care: a course for lecturers for pharmacist sand family physicians. 2003 608 pp 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35075 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35075/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35075/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35075/download/xml/ An assessment of the opinion of a certain cohort of the population on the role of drug advertising in the choice of non-prescription drugs for self-treatment was conducted. According to the questionnaire survey, it has been established that advertising affects the choice of drug for self-treatment 26.0% of the polled. Despite the fact that the majority of respondents indicate that there is no influence of drug advertising, 62.8% of them buy self-medication drug sabout which they learned from advertising. Thus, our scientific hypothesis about the presence of the direct influence of drug advertising on the commitment of patients to pharmacotherapy is confirmed. The majority of respondents (90.0%) do not consider advertising of drugs to be effective and safe, and 61.0% say that drug advertising contains contradictory and incomprehensible information. Almost all respondents (88.0%) are convinced that drug advertising is not always objective and fair. At the same time, according to 50.0% of respondents, the volume of drug advertising in Ukraine should be reduced, 22.0% of respondents believe that advertising of drugs should be prohibited. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society drug advertising non-prescription drugs self-treatment questionnaire survey Public opinion study on the role of advertising in choice of non-prescription drugs for self-treatment Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37739 2019-12-19 pharmacia

University of Mining and Geology, Sofia, Bulgaria Saitama University, Saitama, Japan author Loukanov, Alexandre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7354 Medical University-Sofia, University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Nikolova, Svetla University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria author Filipov, Chavdar Saitama University, Saitama, Japan author Nakabayashi, Seiichiro 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 147 156 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37739 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37739/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37739/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37739/download/xml/ The nanomaterials for cancer medication are already reality providing a wide range of new tools and possibilities, from earlier diagnostics and improved imaging to better, more efficient, and more targeted anticancer therapies. The purpose of this critical review is to focus on the current use of clinically approved nanoparticles for cancer theranostic, nanovaccines and delivery platforms for gene therapy. These include inorganic, metal and polymer nanoparticles, nanocrystals and varieties of drug delivery nanosystems (micelles, liposomes, microcapsules and etc.). The recent progress in cancer nanomedicine enables to combine the benefits of individual nanoparticles with biomolecules into a multifunction nanomachines and even highly advanced nanorobots for targeted therapies. Nowadays clinical trials with advanced anticancer nanomachines provide potential for more accurately and effective identification and destruction of the cancer cells present in the human body. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Drug delivery nanosystems targeted nanotherapy nanomachines personalized nanomedicine Nanomaterials for cancer medication: from individual nanoparticles toward nanomachines and nanorobots Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38137 2019-12-19 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Severina, Hanna I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-9384 National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine author Skupa, Olga O. National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine author Voloshchuk, Natalya I. National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Suleiman, Marharyta M. National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Georgiyants, Victoriya A. 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 141 146 2019 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.012 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.12.016 10.1089/thy.2016.0652 10.1155/2013/176213 10.1159/000222775 10.1021/jm970443m 10.1002/jhet.1573 10.1016/0165-0173(89)90003-9 10.1134/S1070428016010188 10.1016/0014-2999(73)90134-9 Alkylation of 6-methyl-2-thiouracile ω-dibromalkanes. AM Kigundi author 2007 text Bulleten Volgogradskogo Nauchnogo Centra RAMN 2007 1 28 31 10.1002/cmdc.201700589 10.1016/0920-1211(96)00022-8 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.014 10.1111/epi.13764 10.1139/v84-004 AA Ozerov author 2010 2010 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.009 10.1007/s11094-014-1011-0 10.7324/JAPS.2019.90202 10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00227-9 Thyroid function and thyroid drugs. N Zenker author WO Foye author 1990 text Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, London 1990 603 621 10.2174/1573406411309050010 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38137 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38137/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38137/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38137/download/xml/ The alkylation of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-4-one phenacyl bromides under different conditions was investigated. It was found that during the reaction in the medium of DMF/K2CO3 a mixture of 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one and 3-hydroxy-3-aryl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-one was formed. The holding of the resulting mixture in the concentrated sulphuric acid leads to the formation of cyclization products - derivatives of 3-aryl-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one with high yields. Individual S-alkylated derivatives – 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one - were obtained by reacting in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide. Pharmacological screening of synthesized compounds for anticonvulsant activity on the model of pentylenetetrazole seizures in rats was carried out and some regularity “structure-activity” was established. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society synthesis pyrimidine thiazolopyrimidine anticonvulsant activity Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 6-methyl-2-((2-oxo-2-arylethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one derivatives and products of their cyclization Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35186 2019-12-19 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Bilyk, Iryna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-2820 Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Fedyak, Iryna Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Ivaniulyk, Iryna Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Havryshchuk, Liubomyr 2019-12-19 2019-12-19 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 157 160 2019 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35186 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35186/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35186/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35186/download/xml/ A comprehensive study for assessment the appointments rationality for children with meningococcal infectious (MI) in Ukraine in real clinical practice has been conducted. The doctor’s appointment sheets from 184 inpatients medical cards have been processed by the integral ABC / VEN / frequency analysis. In average, children were in the hospital (14±7) bed-days, they were granted 2908 appointments of 191 drugs by the INN. It has been established that medicine for MI etiotropic therapy took the third place in the appointments frequency. At the same time, the ABC / VEN-analysis results revealed a rational approach to pharmacotherapy.The total treatment cost was estimated at USD 25,173.59 (for one child – USD 136.81).Since currently in Ukraine inpatient children treatment is mainly provided by parents, further medical prescriptions improvement is needed in order to increase the efficiency and minimize the childrenMI therapy cost. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society ABC-analysis children frequency analysis meningococcal disease VEN-analysis Clinical and economic estimation of children’s pharmacotherapy with meningococcial infections in Ukraine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36620 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Drenska, Maria Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Elitova, Savina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-1267 Acibadem City Clinic Cancer Center, Sofia, Bulgaria author Grigorova, Velina Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Naseva, Emilia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8441 Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Getov, Ilko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-9327 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 165 170 2019 10.1002/14651858 The pharmacological management of migraine, part 2: preventative therapy. G Demaagd author 2008 text Pharmacy and Therapeutics: 2008 33 8 480 487 K Edwards author 2016 2016 2009 2009 European Commission; European Medicines Agency (2009) A guideline on summary of product characteristics. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/marketing-authorisation/product-information/how-prepare-review-summary-product-characteristics#scientific-guidelines-with-smpc-recommendations-section 2014 2014 European Commission; European Medicines Agency (2014) Pharm655. Human Pharmaceutical Committee Meetings. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/files/committee/72meeting/pharm655.pdf 2017 2017 European Medical Agency & Heads of Medicines Agencies (2017) Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) Annex I – Definitions (Rev 4). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/post-authorisation/pharmacovigilance/good-pharmacovigilance-practices 2001 2001 European Parliament (2001) Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and the Council. Official Journal of the European Communities. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32001L0083 2004 2004 European Parliament (2004) Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 laying down Community procedures for the authorisation and supervision of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and establishing a European Medicines Agency. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32004R0726 [revised 2019] 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00689.x 10.4103/0976-500X.130046 2016 2016 History of Drug Regulation in Bulgaria (2016) Official page of the Executive Agency for Medicines in the Republic of Bulgaria. https://bda.bg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=9&lang=bg 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.001 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2004.04121.x 10.1310/sci2102-166 10.1001/archneur.61.8.1254 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.04.006 10.1016/S0035-3787(06)75021-4 10.1007/s10309-012-0237-7 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70050-4 M Weda author 2017 2017 10.3389/fneur.2014.00286 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36620 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36620/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36620/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36620/download/xml/ Introduction: The off-label use of medicines is a common practice that covers a wide range of therapeutic areas in both, adults and children. So far, the extent of off-label use among neurology patients in Bulgaria has not been studied. The aim of this study is to provide data on the off-label use in neurology patients in Bulgaria and to contribute to planning actions by the European Commission and EMA to provide a harmonized guideline and to regulate the off-label use of medicines within the European Union. Materials and methods: The data on prescriptions of 360 neurology outpatients, treated in a 1 – year period, were recorded and provided for analyses. The Summaries of Product Characteristics, were used as reference documents for assessment of prescriptions. Results: The results from this study show that most neurology patients (63%) were exposed to off-label use. Most of the medicines prescribed off-label (90%), were used for a therapeutic indication, other than the one listed in the authorized product information. Meloxicam is found to be the most commonly prescribed off-label medicine. Other medicines, like trasadone, pentoxyfylline and fupentixol / melitracen were prescribed less frequently, but deserve special attention, as they were found to be used off-label to a very large extent, some of them in 100% of prescriptions. Half of the top 10 medications, most commonly used off-label in neurology, were found to be non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusion: The results reveal a big gap between the authorized medicines and the real medical needs. Further studies based on a larger number of medical centers are needed to establish more accurate data on off-label prescribing in neurology patients on a national level. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society off-label use neurology pharmacovigilance Analysis of primary outpatient data for off-label use of medicines in neurology Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e46687 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Drenska, Maria Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Naseva, Emilia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8441 Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Getov, Ilko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-9327 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 217 221 2019 Unlicensed and off label use of some medicines in obstetric practice. C Bozhinova author 2008 text Obstetrics and Gynecology 2008 47 5 43 47 10.1093/annonc/mdm517 10.1136/adc.83.6.502 10.1515/amb-2017-0003 10.1007/s40267-019-00638-4 10.1186/s13023-018-0895-2 10.1007/s00228-004-0752-1 D Jolly author 2014 2014 J Petrova author 2014 2014 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.10.004 “Off label” – use of some medicines. Part I. M Sirakov author 2012a text Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012a 51 2 29 32 “Off label” use of some medicines. Part II. “Off label” use of misoprostol. M Sirakov author 2012b text Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012b 51 3 50 54 M Weda author 2017 2017 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e46687 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46687/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46687/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46687/download/xml/ Introduction: The aim of this survey is to assess the current knowledge and experience of medical doctors in regard to off-label use and to determine whether it is legal, according to them, as the local current legislation on medicinal products does neither prohibit nor explicitly permit such use. Materials and methods: One hundred medical doctors from inpatient and outpatient medical care participated and answered 10 questions. The inclusion criteria were to have a degree in medicine and right to prescribe medications. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v19.0 statistical program. Results: The results show that 8 out of 10 medical doctors have knowledge in regard to the meaning of the term “off-label”. More than half (62%) stated they have prescribed off-label medicine in their medical practice. Half of the respondents (49%) experienced some kind of trouble when prescribing off-label. In regard to whether the law allows this practice, opinions were divided. To a larger extent (88%), medical doctors support the introduction of clearer rules for off-label use in Bulgaria. Conclusion: Edical doctors have significant knowledge about off-label use, but feel uncertainty in their actions when they use medicines off-label. It is necessary to consider regulating this use at a national level, following the good examples of other European Union (EU) member states, until a harmonized solution within EU is found. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society off-label pharmacovigilance survey The knowledge and experience with the off-label use – results of a survey Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38571 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Yordanov, Yordan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-9870 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 223 231 2019 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.12.006 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01622 10.1088/0957-4484/27/2/025103 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.007 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.06.012 10.1038/nbt.3330 10.1007/s11095-016-1958-5 10.1300/J123v49n03_12 10.2147/IJN.S68861 Allergic contact cheilitis and perioral dermatitis caused by propolis: case report. V Budimir author 2012 text Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica: ADC 2012 20 187 190 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199 10.1021/jf063477o 10.1208/pt060243 10.1007/s11483-018-9559-y Apoptosis and Altered Redox State Induced by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) in Transformed Rat Fibroblast Cells. C Chiao author 1995 text 1995 55 3576 3583 10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_6 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.056 10.3109/21691401.2014.953633 10.1515/bmt-2012-4474 10.1039/C5CC08216A 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1512 10.1073/pnas.90.6.2399 Inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. K Frenkel author 1993 text Cancer Research 1993 53 1255 1261 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.007 10.1080/0005772X.1979.11097738 10.1007/BF01941717 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.11.008 Growth inhibition and modulation of antigenic phenotype in human melanoma and glioblastoma multiforme cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). L Guarini author 1992 text Cellular and Molecular Biology 1992 38 513 527 A-W Harzing author 2007 2007 10.1515/znc-1988-5-625 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02931.x In vitro studies on the cytostatic activity of propolis extracts. B Hladoń author 1980 text Arzneimittel-Forschung 1980 30 1847 1848 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.013 10.1016/S1010-7940(99)00246-8 10.3109/10837450.2016.1148722 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.017 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.003 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00759 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.015 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000302 10.1002/jps.24278 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.09.002 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01143 10.4014/jmb.1706.06017 10.1002/lt.500050203 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040037 10.1073/pnas.93.17.9090 Immunomodulatory action of propolis. II. Effect of water-soluble fraction on influenza infection in mice. H Neychev author 1988 text Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica 1988 23 58 62 LB Okonenko author 1988 1988 10.3109/03639045.2012.660949 10.1038/nrd.2018.46 Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of caffeic acid phenethyl ester acylation as multifunctional neuroprotective agents against oxidative stress injury. Z Renzong author 2013 text Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013 22 475 482 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02197 10.1055/s-0031-1300166 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00969 10.1039/C7CS00877E 10.1002/mc.2940040310 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80184-V 10.1517/17425247.2013.747508 10.1006/rtph.2001.1502 10.1007/s13346-018-00597-9 10.1002/polb.22259 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.009 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.005 10.1039/C7RA08167G 10.1039/C7RA09712C 10.1002/bdd.657 10.1080/13102818.2018.1537753 Nanotoxicology: factors, affecting toxicity. Y Yordanov author 2018 text Pharmacia 2018 65 63 71 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38573 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38571 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38571/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38571/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38571/download/xml/ Propolis is a natural product with a plethora of biological effects, utilized by traditional medicine since antiquity. However, its application as a pharmaceutical is hindered by its variable composition and difficult standardization. CAPE has been shown to be a major component of propolis, with a large contribution to its pharmacological effects, among which the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antineoplastic have been attracting most attention. The current review article aims to present the cornerstone pharmacological studies of CAPE throughout the years, following its discovery, which confirmed its primary importance among propolis constituents and opened the path to its intensive research as a potential pharmaceutical. We present the diversity of drug delivery systems of CAPE, which have been developed to improve its efficacy in in vitro and in vivo disease models and discuss their primary promises and weaknesses. The increased interest in recent years over more practical approaches of CAPE research such as its pharmaceutical formulation comes to show that it has a potential to become commercialized as a pharmaceutical. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Caffeic acid phenethyl ester propolis pharmacological properties drug delivery systems Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): cornerstone pharmacological studies and drug delivery systems Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37706 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zimenkovsky, Andriy Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Nastyukha, Yuliya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-7168 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Kostyana, Kateryna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-721X Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine author Devinyak, Oleg Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zayats, Marta Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Koval, Andriy Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Denysiuk, Oksana Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Gorodnycha, Oksana Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Siatynia, Vitaliy 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 193 200 2019 Drug related problems: an over view of various classification systems. PK Adusumilli author 2014 text Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2014 7 4 7 10 American College of Clinical Pharmacy: Definition of clinical pharmacy https://www.accp.com/stunet/compass/definition.aspx 10.1002/phar.1438 1997 1997 Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (1997) On the list of directions and specializations, in which training of specialists in high schools is carried out according to the relevant educational-and-qualification levels No. 507: May 24, 1997. http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/507-97-п [In Ukrainian] 10.1007/s11096-016-0385-3 European Society of Clinical Pharmacy: What is Clinical Pharmacy? http://www.escpweb.org/content/escp-mission-vision 10.1007/s11096-005-7060-4 10.1111/bcpt.12062 10.1093/ajhp/47.3.533 10.1345/aph.140009 10.12968/bjcn.2003.8.12.11854 2004a 2004a Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2004a) Educational-and-qualification characteristic of the specialist in the specialization of Clinical Pharmacy No. 629: July 29, 2004. https://www.testcentr.org.ua/uk/ispyty/dokumenty-i-materialy/normatyvni-dokumenty [In Ukrainian] 2004b 2004b Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2004b) Educational-and-qualification training program of the specialist in the specialization of Clinical Pharmacy No. 629: July 29, 2004. https://www.testcentr.org.ua/uk/ispyty/dokumenty-i-materialy/normatyvni-dokumenty [In Ukrainian] 1998 1998 Ministry of Health of Ukraine (1998) On the improvement of certification of pharmacists No. 231: July 31, 1998. http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0513-98 [In Ukrainian] 2002 2002 Ministry of Health of Ukraine (2002) Guideline of the qualification characteristics of professions No. 117: Mar 29, 2002. http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/va117282-02 [In Ukrainian] 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.10.011 10.1002/phar.1923 VY Siatynia author 2012 2012 Drug-related problems: a cornerstone for pharmaceutical care. JW van Mil author 2005 text Journal of the Malta College of Pharmacy Practice 2005 10 5 8 JW van Mil author 2019 The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification for Drug related problems V8.03. 2019 10 pp K Wiedenmayer author 2006 Developing pharmacy practice: a focus on patient care: handbook. 2006 87 pp AB Zimenkovsky author 2011 2011 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37706 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37706/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37706/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37706/download/xml/ An anonymous questionnaire survey among healthcare professionals in Ukraine (n = 10737) showed contradictions in the attitude to the peculiarities of clinical pharmacy compared to a general pharmacy, the relation to the specialists who provide clinical pharmacy services, and the healthcare settings for them. The respondents considered the activity of clinical pharmacist necessary in 74.2%. The community pharmacies were identified as prior professional settings for clinical pharmacists in 55.3%; hospitals – 47.7%, hospital pharmacies – 45.0%. Among the directions of the clinical pharmacist’s activity at the hospital, monitoring of drug safety and efficacy was stated by 69.9%, provision of the pharmaceutical care – 50.5%, evaluation of pharmacotherapy – 42.1%, processing of the local drug formulary – 26.8%. The respondents saw prospects for the development of clinical pharmacy in Ukraine in 54.2%. Therefore, there were differences in views on the key issues of clinical pharmacy throughout Ukraine and the insufficient support for its prospects. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society clinical pharmacy clinical pharmacist healthcare professionals’ opinion Ukraine Clinical pharmacy in Ukraine according to the healthcare professionals’ assessment Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Drapak, Iryna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-2908 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zimenkovsky, Borys National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Perekhoda, Lina National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Suleyman, Мargarita National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Yeromina, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-3507 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Skaletska, Natalia Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine author Seredynska, Natalya Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine author Demchenko, Anatolii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-3356 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 181 186 2019 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.065 10.1021/jm200409s 10.1007/s10593-005-0200-x 10.3390/scipharm87010007 The use of the docking studies with the purpose of searching potential cardioprotectors. I Drapak author 2018 text Pharmacia 2018 65 2 40 46 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.002 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.054 10.1007/s00044-015-1369-x Synthesis and In Silico Research of Derivatives of 3-allyl-4-(R-phenyl)-N-(R1-phenyl)thiazole-2-imine. LO Perekhoda author 2017 text Der Pharma Chemica 2017 9 13 95 98 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.011 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60242-6 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.12.062 OV Stefanov author 2001 2001 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.011 Synthesis of 2-(4-aryl(adamantyl)-2-phenyliminothiazol-3-yl)-ethanol derivatives and prediction of their biological activity. HO Yeromina author 2016 text Der Pharma Chemica 2016 8 3 64 70 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36808 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36808/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36808/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36808/download/xml/ The aim of study was to find potential antihypertensive and cardiotropic drugs among new 4-aryl-N-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imines. Materials and methods: The target compounds were synthesized by condensation asymmetrical substituted thioureas with α-bromo-4-R1-acetophenones in ethanol medium. The structure and purity of the compounds synthesized were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Docking studies of synthesized compounds to the active site of angiotensin receptor ІІ (PDB ID: 3R8A) were performed in order to find its potential inhibitors and to select promising compounds for experimental screening. Pharmacological studies of the influence on the cardiovascular system were performed. Results: The results of docking studies indicate a high affinity of all tested substances to the selected biotarget. The thermodynamic probability of binding of synthesized substances to protein 3R8A was confirmed by negative values of scoring functions. Hydrobromide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine 3(1) and hydrobrmide of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-bromphenyl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine 3(3), which have the highest negative values of scoring functions, are recommended for in vivo pharmacological studies. Based on a complete analysis of the geometric location of the synthesized compounds (ligands) in the active site of the angiotensin II receptor, it was found that the complexes are formed with the involvement of Nitrogen atom of imino group, the 1,3-thiazole ring, the phenyl and alkyl moieties of the molecule form hydrogen bonds, intermolecular electrostatic and donor-acceptor interactions. The conducted pharmacological studies of the influence on the cardiovascular system have allowed to confirm the presence of antihypertensive effect inherent in compounds of this series (except for compound 3(2)). The most effective antihypertensive effect, which is similar in duration and strength of the effect of valsartan, was the effect of compound 3(5). Conclusions: In order to expand the arsenal of biologically active substances of cardiotropic action a systematic series of new 4-aryl-N-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives were synthesized. The structure and purity of the compounds synthesized were confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Based on the results of docking studies using Autodock 4.2.6 software, selected compounds with the best affinity for protein biomes (PDB codes: 3R8A) are promising for experimental studies of hypotensive and cardiotropic activity. The most effective antihypertensive effect, which is similar in duration and strength of the effect of valsartan, was the effect of compound 3(5). A comparative analysis of the results of molecular docking and in vivo results suggests that there is a positive correlation between scoring protein inhibition and experimental data. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society synthesis 4-aryl-N-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2 3-dihydro-1 3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives molecular docking angiotensin receptor ІІ antagonists Search for angiotensin II receptor antagonists among 4-aryl-n-(aryl)-3-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-imine derivatives Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Taras https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-275X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Ogurtsov, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Mahlovanyy, Anatoliy Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Sukhodolska, Natalia Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Ihor Burgas University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, Bulgaria author Harkov, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-849X Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine author Matiychuk, Vasyl 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 171 180 2019 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.009 10.1038/1811199a0 10.7124/bc.000075 10.1134/S1070428012020170 TI Chaban author 2013 2013 10.23939/chcht08.03.287 Synthesis of novel thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridines as potential biologically active substances. TI Chaban author 2016 text Der Pharma Chemica 2016 8 19 534 542 Recent advances in synthesis and biological activity evaluation of condensed thiazoloquinazolines: A review. Z Chaban author 2017a text Pharmacia 2017a 64 3 52 66 Synthesis of some new N3 substituted 6-phenylazo-3Н-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones as possible anti-inflammatory agents. T Chaban author 2017b text Pharmacia 2017b 64 4 16 30 Thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines and thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines: A review on synthesis and pharmacological importance of their derivatives. T Chaban author 2018a text Pharmacia 2018a 65 2 54 70 Synthesis and biological activity of some novel derivatives 5,7-dimethyl-6-phenylazo-3Н-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one. T Chaban author 2018b text Pharmacia 2018b 65 4 51 62 10.17344/acsi.2018.4570 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35131 10.23939/chcht07.04.397 Qsar modeling for antioxidant activity of novel N3 substituted 5,7-dimethyl-3Н-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones. O Klenina author 2017 text Pharmacia 2017 64 4 49 71 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.056 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.1.234 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.067 10.17344/acsi.2014.866 10.1016/S0014-827X(99)00130-5 The use of stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. PJ Molyneux author 2004 text SciTechnol International Publisher of Science, Technology and Medicine 2004 26 211 219 Oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis: an appraisal. S Parthasarathy author 1999 text Journal of Lipid Research 1999 40 2143 2157 10.1080/09553009414550041 10.1080/00397910903318674 10.1021/jm00014a007 10.17344/acsi.2018.4448 10.2174/0929867053764635 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.010 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e36764 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36764/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36764/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36764/download/xml/ The synthesis and determination of the antioxidant activity of some novel (5,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-3-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide derivatives are described in this article. The transformation of the base heterocycle was carried out via the reactions of acylation, [2+3]cyclocondensation, Knoevenagel condencation and alkylation for the purpose to obtain substances with a satisfactory pharmacological profile. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro by means of the scavenging metod effect on 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society antioxidant activity 2 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl synthesis thiazolo[4 5-b]pyridines Antioxidant properties of some novel derivatives thiazolo[4,5-b] pyridine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38976 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hudz, Nataliia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-0852 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Yezerska, Oksana I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Shanaida, Mariia Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia author Pervaiz, Roomna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-1988 University of Opole, Opole, Poland author Wieczorek, Piotr P. 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 209 215 2019 Phytochemical study and biological activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). M Abdelkader author 2014 text International journal of bioengineering and life sciences 2014 8 11 1253 1257 10.19070/2326-3350-1400028 Validated HPTLC method for the quantitative analysis of rosmarinic acid in several Salvia sp. HВ Altan author 2014 text Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014 11 3 245 254 10.1093/chromsci/43.7.372 10.3390/molecules18066852 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.047 A Bühl author 2005 SPSS Version 10. 2005 602 pp 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.041 Phytochemical evaluation of some Salvia species from Romania flora. Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi s. II a. M Coisin author 2012 text Biologie vegetală 2012 58 1 35 44 10.5562/cca3231 The effect of extraction solvents, temperature and time on the composition and mas Fraction of polyphenols in Dalmatian Wild Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extracts. M Dent author 2013 text Food Technology and Biotechnology 2013 51 1 84 91 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.050 SS Erdogan author 2014 2014 2016 2016 European Pharmacopoeia (2016) European Pharmacopoeia (9th edn.). https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-9th-edition 10.17306/J.AFS.2018.0544 10.3390/molecules171011315 An investigation of phytochemical, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in aerial parts of two species of Salvia and the effect of ecological factors on their distribution in Behshahr Hezarjarib area. I Jafarifoutami author 2017 text Agricultural Science Research Journal 2017 7 12 362 373 10.1080/0972060X.2014.958558 10.1556/JPC.26.2013.2.5 10.1515/eces-2018-0009 Identification of flavonoids in leaves of seven wild growing Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) species from Iran. N Kharazian author 2013 text Progress in Biological Sciences 2013 3 2 81 98 10.1590/S0102-33062014000200015 10.15835/nsb325638 Evaluation of secondary metabolites in Cleome viscosa L. N Raipuria author 2018 text International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2018 12 4 285 290 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.038 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60280-7 10.1515/cipms-2018-0036 Antioxidant activity of essential oil sobtained from aerial part of some Lamiaceae species. M Shanaida author 2018 text International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2018 12 3 200 204 10.22377/ijgp.v12i04.2205 Total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration and antioxidant activity of Marrubium peregrinum L. extracts. MS Stanković author 2011 text Kragujevac Journal Science 2011 33 63 72 2015 2015 The State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine [in 3 vol.] (2015) State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific Expert Pharmacopoeial Center of the Quality of Medicines” (2nd iss.). Kharkiv: State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific and Experimental Pharmacopoeial Center for the Quality of Medicinal Products”, 1128 pp. 10.3390/plants7020025 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00037-1 10.1016/j.bej.2008.06.003 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38976 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38976/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38976/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38976/download/xml/ Polyphenols are valuable group of phytoconstituents due to their high antioxidant activity and healing properties. Antioxidant properties of sages are attributed mainly to a high level of phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to elaborate an analytical procedure for the evaluation of the content of secondary metabolites of the polyphenol nature in the herb of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Four crude extracts of Salvia sclarea herb obtained with different technologies were used to develop an analytical procedure for the total phenolic content (TPC) assay by spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions for the analysis (time of the reaction, wavelength, and reference substances) were chosen and experimentally justified (60–80 min, 760 nm, gallic acid and rutin, respectively). Under these conditions, the developed analytical procedure is robust in the indicated time and easy for performing in phytochemical or technological laboratories. The yield of TPC from the herb of Salvia sclarea was the highest in the extracts prepared by heating at a temperature of 36–46 °C and with using the ultrasonic bath. TPC was the highest in the extract in which solvent-to-herb ratio was the least (10:1) and particle size was in the range of 2–5 mm. As a result of the studies, the analytical procedure of the determination of TPC was developed and its parameters were justified. This methodology complies with the requirements for pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the reliability of results during pharmaceutical development and routine control of Salvia sclarea extracts. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Salvia sclarea herb extract Folin-Ciocalteu reagent total phenolic content Application of the Folin-Ciocalteu method to the evaluation of Salvia sclarea extracts Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37893 2019-12-31 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Iosypenko, Olena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-2828 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zhuravel, Iryna National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Omelchenko, Zinaida National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Burlaka, Iryna 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 201 207 2019 10.1201/9781439823385 Study of organic acids in leaves, stems, male flowers of common pumpkin. II Batyuchenko author 2013 text Ukrainian Medical Almanac 2013 16 6 9 11 Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition – Report of an expert consultation. 2010 text FAO Food and Nutritional Paper 2010 91 1 189 10.17516/1997-1389-0128 10.1002/9781444339925 10.14739/2409-2932.2019.2.170978 Lipid composition in leaves and cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini) during natural and induced. A Ivanova author 2012 text Genetics and Plant Physiology 2012 2 1–2 98 106 MM Levachev author 1999 1999 AP Levitsky author 2002 2002 10.1007/978-94-007-1764-0 Phytochemical study of lipophilic fractions of leaves, grains and oil of Setaria italica. ZI Omelchenko author 2005 text Medical Chemistry 2005 7 2 92 94 VV Plemenkov author 2001 2001 Transgene cruciferous plants as producents of long chain unsaturated fatty acids. LA Sakhno author 2010 text Biotechnology 2010 3 2 9 18 AA Semenov author 2000 2000 Comparative evaluation of fatty acid composition, atherogenic index and thrombogenicity milk of different species of farm animals. Yu Sinyavskiy author 2016 text Problems of modern science and education 2016 7 49 180 186 The concept of ideal fatty foods. VI Smolyar author 2006 text Food problems 2006 4 14 24 JR Tait author 2007 2007 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91846-M BE Van Wyk author 2005 2005 2003 2003 WHO (2003) WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. World Health Organization, Geneva, 72 рр. 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37893 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37893/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37893/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37893/download/xml/ The qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids in leaves of vegetable marrows (Cucurbita pepo L. var. giromontina Alef.), zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. var. cylindrica Paris) yellow- and green-fruits varieties were determined by using GC/MS. 14 fatty acids were identified as the result of the experiment. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to be dominated in the raw plant material. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 60.47% in vegetable marrows leaves, 64.35% yellow zucchini leaves and 68.85% green zucchini leaves, among which linoleic and linolenic acid dominated. The related health lipid indices (IA, atherogenicity, IT, thrombogenicity and IH, health) were determined. It is shown that the use of such biological resources is actual and expedient for the purpose of alimentary correction of the physiological condition of a person. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society vegetable marrows zucchini leaves GC/MS fatty acids indices: atherogenicity thrombogenicity and health Fatty acid composition of vegetable marrows and zucchini leaves Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35194 2019-12-31 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Kyslychenko, Aleksandra National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Процкая, Viktoriia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-138X National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zhuravel, Iryna 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 161 164 2019 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175072 10.3109/13880209.2012.654396 Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Its Biological Activity. S Bhattacharyya author 2016 text American Journal of PharmTech Research 2016 6 6 28 44 The Antimicrobial Properties of Extracts Isolated from Lichen Parmelia vagans. V Bondarenko author 2017 text FASEB journal 2017 31 1 1 10 10.1079/PGR200572 10.1007/s00114-002-0305-3 10.1017/CBO9780511790478.008 10.1039/C4RA09104C 10.7897/2277-4343.07138 Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of luteolin and apigenin in herb of Achillea millefolium L. A Gudzenko author 2013 text The pharma innovation – journal 2013 2 7 7 14 10.11603/mcch.2410-681X.2018.v0.i1.8754 The study of volatile compounds of parmelia perlata thallus. OA Kyslychenko author 2018b text Pharmacia 2018b 65 3 11 16 10.1017/S0024282911000521 Phytochemical constituents from different species of parmelia genus: A review. AK Sharma author 2013 text Der Chemica Sinica 2013 4 1 1 11 Biologically Active Substances of Lichens. AI Shcherbakova author 2013 text Forest Journal 2013 3 7 16 10.2174/1389557517666170425105727 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35194 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35194/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35194/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35194/download/xml/ The species of Parmelia genus have long been used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, ulcers, furunculosis, cardiovascular diseases, urolithiasis, amenorrhea, and also at infectious and inflammatory diseases. In Ukraine, the most common lichens of the Parmelia genus are Parmelia sulcata Tailor and Parmelia vagans Nyl. At the same time, thalli of Parmelia genus lichens belong to the non-officinal and poorly studied types of raw material. The qualitative composition and the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli was studied by HPLC. According to the results of the chromatographic analysis, salazinic, fumaroprotocetraric, usnic acids, chloratranorin and atranorin were identified in both types of raw material studied. In addition, protocetraric acid was identified in Parmelia sulcata thalli. According to the results of the experiment, the total content of identified phenolic compounds in Parmelia sulcata thalli was 2019.71±40.39 g/mol, and in Parmelia vagans thalli it comprised 1754.18±34.77 g/mol. In the thalli of both studied species of Parmelia genus, fumaroprotocetraric acid dominanted by the quantity. This substance was present in Parmelia sulcata thalli in the amount of 474.00±9.00 g/mol, and in Parmelia vagans thalli – 456.21±8.67 g/mol. In addition, a significant amount of chloratranorin (408.79±8.99 g/mol) was present in Parmelia sulcata thalli. Quite a high content of atranorin (393.34±8.65 g/mol) and usnic acid (375.31±7.53 g/mol) were defined in Parmelia vagans thalli. The results obtained can be used in the development of quality control methods for Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli, as well as medicines based on these types of raw materials. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society HPLC lichen lichen acids Parmelia sulcata Parmelia vagans phenolic compounds HPLC determination of phenolic compounds content in Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia vagans thalli Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37267 2019-12-31 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Postoy, Vladyslav National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Kukhtenko, Halina Kukhtenko National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Vyshnevska, Liliia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-3591 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Gladukh, Ievgenii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-9257 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Semchenko, Kateryna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-8899 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 187 192 2019 10.24959/nphj.15.2076 Influence of Excipients on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Semisolid Dosage Forms. H Kukhtenko author 2017 text Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2017 11 3 575 578 Place of the dolobene gel preparation in the treatment of patients with rheumatic diseases.Ukrainian Rheumatologic Journal. NM Shuba author 2007 text LLC “MORION” 2007 2 28 56 60 The effect of the PEG-40 solubilizer hydrogenated castor oil on the structural and mechanical properties of carbopol gel. EV Gladukh author 2017 text Actual Pharmaceutical and Medical Science Practices 2017 3 25 288 295 10.14739/2409-2932.2017.3.113552 VN Kovalenko author 2003 2003 GP Kuhtenko author 2017 2017 VA Nasonova author 2001 2001 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37267 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37267/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37267/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37267/download/xml/ The aim of the research was to investigate the rheological behaviour of hydroxyethyl cellulose gels, which are used in the development of the composition and technology of the medicine with anti-inflammatory activity. The objects of research were hydroxyethyl cellulose gels in the concentration of 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%; 2.5% and 3.0%. Investigation of the rheological behavior of HEC gels (structural and mechanical properties) was performed using the Rheolab QC rheometer from Anton Paar (Austria) using the C-CC27 / SS Coaxial Cylinder System. The obtained results showed that excipients influence on the rheological behaviour in the following way: propylene glycol and polyethylene oxide 400 reduce rheoparameters, while PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil increases these parameters. The further study of the rheological properties in comparison with medicines “Troxerutin” and “Thiotriazolinum” showed that the developed gel fully corresponds to technological and consumer requirements. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society rheological paramets gel hydroxyethyl cellulose Study of rheological behaviour of hydroxyethyl cellulose gels in the development of the composition and technology of the medicine with anti-inflammatory activity Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37997 2019-12-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krasteva, Ilina University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria author Popov, Georgi University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krasteva, Ilina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-0369 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 2019 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 66 233 236 2019 10.4103/0973-1296.139778 Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. OH Lowry author 1951 text Journal of Biological Chemistry 1951 193 1 265 275 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.036 10.1080/13880200802367247 Protective effect of purified saponin mixture from Astragalus corniculatus on toxicity models in vitro. M Mitcheva author S Tonev author 2009 text Publishing House IRITA, Sofia 2009 239 251 10.1002/jnr.10193 Effect of а purified saponins’ mixture from Astragalus glycyphylloides, administered alone, on isolated rat brain synaptosomes and hepatocytes. G Popov author 2018 text Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine 2018 2 5 43 49 10.1016/0003-9861(71)90334-1 10.1016/j.phytol.2018.05.015 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62041586.x 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.023 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37997 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37997/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37997/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37997/download/xml/ The aim of the study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective and antioxidant activity of purified saponins’mixture (PSM), isolated from Astragalus glycyphylloides (Fabaceae), in a model of 6-hydroxydipamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative stress on isolated rat brain synaptosomes. Synaptosomes were incubated with 3 different concentrations of PSM: 60 µg/mL; 6 µg/mL; 0.6 µg/mL. The effects of PSM were compared to those of silymarin (S), at the same concentrations. The main parameters, characterized functional and metabolic status of synaptosomes, were investigated: viability (MTT-test) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH). At isolated rat brain synaptosomes, in conditions of 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress (150 μМ), PSM revealed statistically significant, concentration-dependent, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, compared to those of silymarin. Effects were most prominent at concentration 60 µg/mL. These neuroprotective effects of PSM might be due to the possible activity as scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by p-quinone (toxic metabolite of 6-OHDA). text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Astragalus glycyphylloides saponins’ mixture synaptosomes neuroprotection antioxidant Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of saponins’ mixture from Astragalus glycyphylloides in a model of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress on isolated rat brain synaptosomes Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e37004 2020-05-13 pharmacia

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e36150 2020-05-13 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Popovych, Zoryana Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Rozhko, Mykola Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Ostapyak, Iryna Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Oktysyuk, Yuriy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-2490 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 1 23 28 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e36150 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36150/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36150/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/36150/download/xml/ To be living at the most advanced technological area in history is to exist and face pollution one of the most serious threats to all living things on the planet. It is a well known fact that industrial pollutions cause a considerable number of health problems and stomatological in particular. This article demonstrates the results of our study regarding investigation ofsome biochemical indexes in children and adults from the polluted area. We have examined 1236 scholars and 133 workers of Burstyn Thermoelectric Station. The findings suggest that the prevalence of stomatological disorders reaches up to 84,2–93,5% in all examined, the statistic shows also that 31,6 % of six year old children have decayed teeth, in 12 year old children this index is more than 76,8% and almost 92,3% in those aged15–17years. Symptoms of periodontal disorders were observed in 37,1–78,3% of children, the orthodontic pathology was diagnosed in 43,9–61,2% of all examined scholars. People that work at the Burstyn Thermoelectric Station are affected by periodontal pathology and demonstrated disordered mineral metabolism in the blood serum and oral liquid with decreased level of Calcium and increased amount of Phosphates. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society biochemical indexes chronic periodontitis dental caries blood serum oral liquid Biochemical indexes of mineral metabolismin patients from the polluted regionaffected by chronic periodontitis Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35152 2020-05-13 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Olha Ripetska, Olha Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Mahlovanyy, Anatoliy Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Ihor Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Taras https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-275X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Buchkovska, Anna Medical College of Burgas University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, Bulgaria author Harkov, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-849X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Deneha, Ihor Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Pasko, Oksana Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Renka, Marta 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 1 17 22 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35152 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35152/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35152/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35152/download/xml/ Silicon-containing (Si-containing) polishing paste has been tested clinically in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, I-st degree of severity. All patients have been examined for the presence of supra- and sub-gingival calculus and bleeding on probing on a six- month-testing time and within one year after conducting the professional hygienic procedures. It has been revealed that the proposed Si-containing polishing paste proved to be effective in the maintenance of gingival health in the lapse of time from 1 to 12 months after treatment. The majority of patients showed neither dental deposits nor bleeding on probing up in the interval from 1 to 12 months after dental scaling and polishing with Si-containing polishing paste. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society bleeding dental calculus dental plaque dental scaling generalized periodontitis Si-containing polishing paste Clinical study of the efficacy of si-containing polishing paste for the professional hygiene procedures in patients with periodontal disease Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35147 2020-05-13 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Furdychko, Anastasiya Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Buchkovska, Anna Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Petryshyn, Olga Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Taras https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-275X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Ihor Medical College of Burgas University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, Bulgaria author Harkov, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-849X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Ihor 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 1 13 16 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35147 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35147/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35147/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35147/download/xml/ The pathology of the hepatobiliary system significantly affects the state of the organs of the oral cavity. A clinical and index study of the state of periodontal tissues in 122 patients was conducted, which showed the prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis. The examined patients were divided into groups depending on the treatment method, and the result was evaluated before treatment, directly after treatment and 6 months following treatment. Antidysbiotic hepatoprotector and 2% thiotriazolin ointment were included in the combination therapy. Studies have shown that patients with hepatobiliary pathology have increased likelihood of periodontal diseases, and after treatment, periodontal indicators and the hygiene index are significantly reduced, especially in the group where the proposed scheme was used, and the long-term results were stable for 6 months. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society hepatobiliary pathology hepatoprotector prebiotic periodontitis thiotriazolin Combination of general and local action drugs in treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis on the basis of the pathology of the hepatobilary system Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35126 2020-05-13 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Dovhanyk, Viktoria Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Maglyovanyi, Anatoliy Medical College of Burgas University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, Bulgaria author Harkov, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-849X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Synytsa, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynovets, Ihor Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Ihor Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Lelyukh, Maryan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-0988 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 1 5 12 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35126 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35126/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35126/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35126/download/xml/ At the present stage of development of medical science, experimental and clinical dentistry is often used in scientific research, which allows diagnosing preclinical stages of manifestations of changes in tissues and organs of the oral cavity and biological fluids at the level of nanotechnology enabling to study the mechanisms of molecular transformation that lead to occurrence of pathological changes. One of the promising methods of research is infrared spectroscopy. The advantage of the method is that the absorption spectrum can be obtained with a small amount of the test substance (0.1–0.01 cm3) and under conditions of different aggregate states (solution, powder, liquid). Graphical abstract text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society infrared spectroscopy hydroxyapatite carbamide peroxide Spectroscopic criteria for early diagnosis of changes in the mineral and organic matrix of hard dental tissues Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35117 2020-05-13 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Yarmoshuk, Iryna 2020-05-13 2020-05-13 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 1 1 4 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35117 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35117/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35117/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35117/download/xml/ One of the main mechanisms in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis is disordered bone metabolism that is accomplished by cortical plate’s resorption, destruction of the interdental septums and osteoporosis of the jaws. Administration of osteotropic agents will allow achieving efficient results in treatment of the patients affected by periodontal disorders, lower the tendency of bone resorption and stimulate the processes of regeneration. The article demonstrates the results obtained after the surgical treatment of the patients with osteopenia affected by chronic periodontitis of II–III degree that were administered simultaneously with synthetic osteoplastic material Tricalcium phosphate and a bone resorption inhibitor Ibandronic acid. It has been established the high efficiency of the recommended treatment that was proved by positive progress of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in blood serum and urine of the individuals from the main group taken 24 month after the beginning of the treatment. The study shows that the reis arise of osteocalcin by 11,5% in the blood serum of the main group patients 2 years after the research and the amount of desoxypiridynolin, on the other hand, was by 21,72% lower comparing with those from the main group (р < 0,05). text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society bisphosphonates bone tissue chronic periodontitis synthetic osteoplastic material Correction of disordered mineral bone metabolism in patients affected by chronic periodontitis Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50397 2020-07-31 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Horyn, Mariana I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 39 48 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50397 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50397/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50397/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50397/download/xml/ Aim.The main purpose of this study was to develop a simple, precise, rapid and accurate method for the quantification of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma. Materials and methods. The resolution of peaks of metoprolol was best achieved with Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column and meldonium - ZORBAX HILIC Plus, 50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm column. Samples of metoprolol were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile – water – formic acid, 5 : 95 : 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile – formic acid, 100 : 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.11 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 mL/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The injection volume was 5μl. Samples of meldonium were chromatographed in a isocratic using mobile phase water – acetonitrile – ammonium formate buffer 200 мМ, 20 : 75 : 5 v/v). Results.The total chromatographic run time was 2.0 minutes and the elution of metoprolol, meldonium and IS occurred at ~1.39 and 1.18 minutes, respectively.A linear response function was established at 2 - 200 ng/mL for metoprolol and 50 -5000 ng/mL for meldonium in human plasma. The% mean recovery for metoprolol in LQC, MQC and HQC was 99.0%, 107.5% and 96.8%, for meldonium in LQC, MQC and HQC was 94.1%, 100.2% and 93.1% respectively. The lowest concentration with the RSD <20% was taken as LLOQ and was found to be 2.31 ng/mL for metoprolol, 47.70 ng/mL for meldonium. The % accuracy of LLOQ samples prepared with the different biological matrix lots were found 115.4% for metoprolol and 95.5% for meldonium, which were found within the range of 80.00–120.00% for the seven different plasma lots. % CV for LLOQ samples was observed as 12.8% and 7.7% respectively, which are within 20.00% of the acceptance criteria. Conclusion.A rapid method was developed for simultaneous determination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for routine examination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society LC-MS/MS Metoprolol Meldonium Validation Human plasma Bioanalytical method development and validation for the determination of metoprolol and meldonium in human plasma Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648 2020-07-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Yoncheva, Krassimira https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-3054 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Hristova-Avakumova, Nadia Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Hadjimitova, Vera Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Traykov, Trayko Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Petrov, Petar 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 49 54 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38648 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38648/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38648/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38648/download/xml/ The study was focused on the evaluation of two copolymers as micellar carriers for kaempferol delivery. The copolymers comprised identical hydrophilic blocks of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and different hydrophobic blocks of either poly(ε-caprolactone) (PDMAEMA9-b-PCL70-b-PDMAEMA9) or poly(propylene oxide) (PDMAEMA13-b-PPO69-b-PDMAEMA13). The calculation of Flory-Huggins parameters and determination of encapsulation efficiency showed that PDMAEMA-b-PCL-b-PDMAEMA copolymer possessed higher capacity for kaempferol loading. The diameter of the micelles before and after lyophilization was not changed, suggesting that the micelles could be lyophilized and redispersed before administration. The in vitro release of kaempferol from PDMAEMA-b-PPO-b-PDMAEMA micelles was faster than the release from PDMAEMA-b-PCL-b-PDMAEMA micelles, probably due to the higher affinity of kaempferol to this copolymer. Further, the higher affinity resulted in a retention of antioxidant activity of kaempferol in the presence of DPPH and KO2 radicals. Thus, PDMAEMA-PCL-PDMAEMA was considered more appropriate carrier because of the higher encapsulation efficiency and preservation of antioxidant activity of the drug. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society copolymeric micelles nanosized systems kaempferol radical scavenging activity Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of nanosized copolymeric micelles loaded with kaempferol Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48220 2020-07-31 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 55 61 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48220 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48220/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48220/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48220/download/xml/ Aim. A rapid and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for the determination of amlodipine in experimental combined dosage forms containing amlodipine, bisoprolol and enalapril and for drug dissolution studies. Materials and methods. The separation was done using a column Phenomenex Polar Synergi, 5 μm, 4.6×50 mm and a mobile phase of methanol:phosphate buffer solution (65:35, v/v), flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 100 μL and the ultraviolet detector was set at 240 nm. Results. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Under these conditions, amlodipine was eluted at 1.89 min. Total run time was shorter than 2.5 min. The linearity of the method had a good correlation with concentration and peak area. The correlation coefficient of amlodipine was found to be not less than 0.9991, which indicates good linear relationship over concentration range 0.625 mg/mL–5.000 mg/mL (1.250 mg/mL–5.000 mg/mL at pH 4.5). The % RSD values in intra-day and inter-day precision study were found to be less than 0.267 for amlodipine, which indicate method was precise. Hence, the present developed method was said to be suitable for the analysis of drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage form. Also, in vitro dissolution of amlodipine containing tablets were performed to validate the suitability of the proposed method. The dissolution pattern complies with the FDA standards, indicating suitability of the proposed method for the dissolution study of amlodipine. It will allow conducting comparative studies in vitro to confirm the equivalence of tablets containing amlodipine. Conclusion. A simple and sensetive HPLC method was developed for the estimation of amlodipine in tablets containing amlodipine, enalapril and bisoprolol. The proposed method was applied successfully for quality control assay of amlodipine in experimental tablets and in vitro dissolution studies. In vitro / in vivo correlation of amlodipine has been conducted. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Amlodipine High performance liquid chromatography Dissolution study Validation In vitro / in vivo correlation Efficient validated method of HPLC to determine amlodipine in combinated dosage form containing amlodipine, enalapril and bisoprolol and in vitro dissolution studies with in vitro/ in vivo correlation Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48896 2020-07-31 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Herasymiuk, Maksym I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Popovych, Dariya I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Pidruchna, Svitlana I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Hlushok, Vitaliy I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Herasymiuk, Nazar I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Zarivna, Nadiya 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 63 69 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48896 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48896/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48896/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48896/download/xml/ Aim. An understanding of the role that transporters, in particular P-glycoprotein (P-gp), can play in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of candidate drugs, and an assessment of how these processes might impact on toxicity and the potential for drug-drug interactions in the clinic, is required to support drug development and registration. It is therefore necessary to validate preclinical assays for the in vitro evaluation of candidate drugs as substrates or inhibitors of human P-gp. 2. A simple, rapid HPLC MS/MS method was developed for determination of verapamil hydrochloride from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Materials and methods. Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile – water – formic acid, 5 : 95 : 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile – formic acid, 100 : 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.01 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 5 μl. Results. Under these conditions, verapamil hydrochloride was eluted at 1.08 min. A linear response function was established at 1 – 100 ng/mL. The regression equation for the analysis was Y = 0.0162x + 0.00391 with coefficient of correction (R2) = 0.9992. According to the Caco-2 test results, verapamil showed low permeability. It should be noted that the recovery value for verapamil hydrochloride is 102.69%. The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.336% and 0.617% for verapamil. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.82% and 100.62% for verapamil. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.334% and 0.612% for verapamil. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.97% and 101.76% for verapamil. The assay values on both the occasions (intra- and inter-day) were found to be within the accepted limits. Conclusion. From results of analysis, it can be concluded that developed method is simple and rapid for determination of verapamil hydrochloride from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for examination of verapamil hydrochloride from Caco-2 cell monolayers. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society HPLC-MS/MS Verapamil hydrochloride Caco-2 cells Recovery Bioavailability HPLC MS/MS method development for the quantitative determination of verapamil hydrochloride from Caco-2 cell monolayers Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48319 2020-07-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kozuharova, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9660 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Benbassat, Niko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-2728 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Berkov, Strahil Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ionkova, Iliana 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 71 81 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48319 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48319/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48319/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48319/download/xml/ The high tolerance of various habitat conditions and potent propagation ability of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) and Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) promote their aggressive invasive behaviour. Additionally, they not only over-compete the local vegetation but suppress the seed development. In the newly invaded habitats they might not have suitable herbivores to control their populations. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of A. altissima and A. fruticosa, as cheap sources of valuable essential oils. The essential oils yield and compostion of both plant species vary significantly depending on plant parts, origin and time of collection. The main constituents of A. altissima essential oil are α-curcumene, α-gurjunene, γ-cadinene, α-humulene β-caryophyllene caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D etc. The main constituents of A. fruticosa are δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, β-caryophyllene γ-muurolene +, ar-curcumene, myrcene etc. These essential oils have been reported to possess different activities such as antimicrobial, insect repellent, insecticidal and herbicidal activity. Due to the fact that these are aggressive invasive species, they can provide abundant and cheap resources. Additionally, future industrial exploitation of the biomass of these invasive plants for essential oils’ extraction might contribute to biodiversity conservation by relieving their destructive impact on the natural habitats. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society essential oils pharmacological activity invasive plants Ailanthus altissima Amorpha fruticosa Ailanthus altissima and Amorpha fruticosa – invasive arboreal alien plants as cheap sources of valuable essential oils Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50159 2020-07-31 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 83 88 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50159 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50159/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50159/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50159/download/xml/ Aim. Poorly water-soluble drugs such as nifedipineoffer challenging problems in drug formulation as poor solubility is generally associated with poor dissolution characteristics and thus with poor oral bioavailability (BCS class II drugs). Methods of quantitative determination of nifedipine by methods of spectrophotometry and chromatography are described in the scientific literature. However, methods are not developedfor examination of nifedipine from Caco-2 cell monolayers. Caco-2 cell monolayers have been extensively used for years as a tool to test permeability, assess the oral absorption potential and study the absorption mechanism of compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an efficient HPLC MS/MS method for determination of nifedipine from Caco-2 cell monolayers. Materials and methods. Chromatography was achieved on DiscoveryC18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A (acetonitrile – water – formic acid, 5 : 95 : 0.1 v/v), eluent B (acetonitrile – formic acid, 100 : 0.1 v/v)). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.01 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min into the mass spectrometer ESI chamber. The sample volume was 5 μl. Results. Under these conditions, nifedipine was eluted at 1.83 min. A linear response function was established at 1 – 100 ng/mL. The regression equation for the analysis was Y = 0.0323x-0.00121 with coefficient of correction (R2) = 0.9987. According to the Caco-2 test results, nifedipine showed high permeability. The within-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.331% and 0.619% for nifedipine. The within-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.80% and 100.63% for nifedipine. The between-run coefficients of variation ranged between 0.332% and 0.615% for nifedipine. The between-run percentages of nominal concentrations ranged between 98.98% and 101.71% for nifedipine. The assay values on both the occasions (intra- and inter-day) were found to be within the accepted limits. Conclusion. From results of analysis, it can be concluded that developed method is simple and rapid for determination of nifedipine from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for examination of nifedipine from Caco-2 cell monolayers. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society LC-MS/MS Nifedipine Caco-2 cells Recovery Bioavailability HPLC-MS/MS method development for the quantitative determination of nifedipine for Caco-2 permeability assay Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48472 2020-07-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria author Gugleva, Viliana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-8150 Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria author Zasheva, Stanimira Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria author Hristozova, Maya Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria author Andonova, Velichka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-1506 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 89 94 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48472 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48472/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48472/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48472/download/xml/ Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, berry skins, roots of Japanese knotweed and is reputed as an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro- and cardio- protective agent. Resveratrol has also beneficial effects in therapy of different skin conditions such as acne, exfoliative eczema, psoriasis and is known to provide a protection against ultraviolet radiation-mediated oxidative stress. However, its low oral bioavailability and short biological half- life compromise its beneficial therapeutic effects; therefore, its topical application is a practical approach in the treatment of various cutaneous disorders. Challenges associated with the development of topical resveratrol drug delivery systems and dosage forms include its low aqueous solubility as well as its poor UV-, pH- and temperature-dependent stability. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic effect and physicochemical properties of resveratrol and to present recent technological approaches designed to improve its stability, bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society antioxidant activity biologically active compound drug delivery systems skin protection Topical use of resveratrol: technological aspects Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50390 2020-07-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Popova, Pavlinka Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zarev, Yancho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-4697 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Shkondrov, Aleksandar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-6058 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krasteva, Ilina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-0369 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ionkova, Iliana 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 95 99 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50390 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50390/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50390/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50390/download/xml/ Establishment of in vitro cultures from Astragalus glycyphyllos, determination of biomass and analysis of total flavonoids, rutin and camelliaside A were performed. To increase flavonoid production various combinations of plant hormones and light/dark regimen were investigated. Suspension cultures with exogenous quercetin were evaluated for possible increase in flavonoid production. Shoots, calli and suspensions were successfully established. Rutin and camelliaside A were proved in highest amount in shoots. Calli, cultivated on modified G48 medium, with double amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+, achieved higher total flavonoid content (2.37 and 2.03 mg/g DW). Suspensions cultures, cultivated on modified G48 medium with 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL quercetin achieved higher total flavonoid content (0.09, 0.10 and 0.13 mg/mg DW). Biotransformation of quercetin to isoquercitrin was achieved. The highest concentration of isoquercitrin (56.73 ng/mg DW) was observed on suspensions cultures cultivated on modified G48 medium, with 20 mg/mL quercetin. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Astragalus glycyphyllos flavonoids in vitro cultures Induction of flavonoid biosynthesis by in vitro cultivation of Astragalus glycyphyllos L. Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e39045 2020-07-31 pharmacia

Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovidv, Bulgaria author Becheva, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-8280 2020-07-31 2020-07-31 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 101 103 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e39045 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/39045/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/39045/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/39045/download/xml/ The purpose of the paper is to prove the efficacy of a kinesitherapeutic program intherecovery of a patient with trimalleolar fractureofthe left lower limb.We present a 42-year-old patient with a trimalleolar fracture and paresis of n. peroneus communis. Kinesitherapy was performed after thirteen weeks of surgery for ten consecutive days. The kinesitherapeuticmeans included: cryotherapy, lymphatic drainage massage, isometric contractions for the femur muscles, active exercises with and without resistance, active exercises with and on gymnastic apparatuses, post-isometric relaxation for the sciatic musculature and m. triceps surai, training in walking.As a result of the kinesitherapeutic exercises, the ankle swelling decreased.The volume of movement increased, pain was reduced as well as the muscle spasm in the ankle joint. The gait improved. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society kinesitherapy trimalleolar fracture Kinesitheraphy in trimalleolar fracture – case report Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55257 2020-08-06 pharmacia

National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria author Petrova, Svetla National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria author Christova-Bagdassarian, Valentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-6358 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 105 110 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55257 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55257/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55257/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55257/download/xml/ Sweeteners are substances used as a dietary supplement to replace sugar. Consumers are concerned about the high levels of sugar, calories and cariogenicity in confectionery products, which is why the popularity of the so-called. „Light“ products and „sugar-free“ products. Acesulfame K is a synthetic sweetener about 200 times sweeter than sugar. In the present work, an analysis of acesulfame K in cocoa and chocolate products was performed. For the determination of sweeteners acesulfame K, saccharin and aspartame in foodstuffs, a standardized reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection was used. A cocoa matrix-specific compound was observed in all chocolate products analyzed for acesulfame K. Interference did not correspond to acesulfame K on the UV spectrum and could not be removed by two-step purification. The comparison of the spectral characteristics allowed to avoid a misleading result for the presence of acesulfame K in chocolate and cocoa products. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society chocolate and cocoa products Е 950 HPLC – UV synthetic sweeteners Analytical difficulties for determination of acesulfame K in chocolate products Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50806 2020-08-20 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ilieva, Viktoria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7428-602X Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria author Georgieva, Tzveta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-9448 2020-08-20 2020-08-20 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 111 114 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50806 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50806/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50806/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50806/download/xml/ In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that an additional source of free radicals may be hydrogen peroxide formed by monoamino oxidase (MAO) -catalyzed deamination of catecholamines. Also, increased MAO-B activity in the brain has been linked to the development of some neurodegenerative diseases. The toxicant we used to treat recombinant human MAO-B enzyme is the cyanotoxin аnatoxin-a. For anatoxin-a is known that it’s an agonist of neuronal acetylcholine receptors with 20 times greater affinity to them compared to the natural neurotransmitter. In this study, we analyzed the effect of anatoxin at various selected concentrations on the activity of recombinant human MAO-B enzyme. The method we use is to analyze the activity of human MAO-B with the fluorimetric reagent Amplex UltraRed and the substrate tyramine hydrochloride. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of anatoxin-a on the hMAO-B enzyme activity and its influence as a factor for the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society MAO-B activity neurodegenerative diseases anatoxin-a In vitro analysis of the activity of human monoamine oxidase type B (hMAOB), treated with the cyanotoxin anatoxin-a: supposed factor of neurodegenerative diseases Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52738 2020-08-25 pharmacia

"Sveta Ekaterina" Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kyuchukov, Dimitar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-7095 Tokuda, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zheleva-Kyuchukova, Ivayla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-3531 Sveta Ekaterina Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria author Nachev, Gencho 2020-08-25 2020-08-25 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 115 120 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52738 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52738/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52738/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52738/download/xml/ Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the gold standard in the treatment of complex chronic forms of coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary endarterectomy (CEAE) is a useful adjunctive technique to CABG in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease. In order to maintain the patency of the coronary arteries and graft conduits, various antithrombotic protocols have been introduced over the years, combining various antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, but still there is no consensus. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare results between two antithrombotic regimens after CEAE. The first one is a combination of acenocoumarol combined with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the second regimen is a dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) of clopidogrel combined with ASA. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 56 consecutive patients (60 ± 8.2 years) undergoing isolated CABG in association with CEAE between January 2018 and December 2019. In the postoperative period, patients were divided into two groups according to the antithrombotic regimens described above. Twenty-four were in the ASA and acenocoumarol group (AA) and 32 were in the ASA and clopidogrel group (AC). Patients were followed up to 30 days after the operation and we access the mortality rate, new ECG changes, levels of myocardial fraction of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK-MB), left ventricular systolic function, pericardial or pleural effusions requiring drainage or revision for bleeding. Results: Operative mortality was 3,6 %. No differences in the antithrombotic efficacy of the two regimens. A significantly higher level of hemorrhagic complications was observed in the ASA + acenocoumarol treatment group. Conclusion: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after CABG and coronary endarterectomy is an effective pharmacological regimen in regard to 30-day postoperative outcomes and is considerably safety in terms of bleeding complications. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) coronary endarterectomy (CEAE) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Antithrombotic regimens in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting and coronary endarterectomy Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e53886 2020-08-28 pharmacia

Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, SOFIA, Bulgaria author Miteva, Daniela Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, SOFIA, Bulgaria author Solak, Ayten Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, SOFIA, Bulgaria author Dyankova, Svetia Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, SOFIA, Bulgaria author Nacheva, Iliana Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, SOFIA, Bulgaria author Dimov, Krasimir 2020-08-28 2020-08-28 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 129 133 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e53886 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53886/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53886/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53886/download/xml/ The objective of the present in vivo study was to analyze the changes in the immune response of the sensitized Ваlb/c mice against milk allergens in lyophilized cow’s milk (LCM) and whey curd (LC) before and after gamma irradiation (10 kGy). The results showed lower levels of IgE in the group treated with irradiated LCM (ICM) compared to the group treated with non-irradiated LCM (NiCM). Hence, it could be suggested that gamma irradiation influenced the epitopes of the major milk proteins and was associated with lower allergenicity of the lyophilized irradiated milk. The gamma irradiation in the whey curd, however, did not significantly change the level of IgE antibodies in IC (treated with irradiated LC) compared to NiC (treated with non-irradiated LC) group. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Cow’s milk hypersensitivity murine model irradiation IgE ELISA Assessment of allergenicity of irradiated dairy products in a Balb/c mice model Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38969 2020-08-28 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Taras https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0618-275X Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine author Matiychuk, Vasyl Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Komarytsya, Olexandra Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Myrko, Iryna Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Chaban, Ihor Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Ogurtsov, Volodymyr Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Nektegaev, Ihor 2020-08-28 2020-08-28 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 121 127 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38969 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38969/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38969/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38969/download/xml/ Synthesis of novel N3 and C5 substituted thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones was carried out on the basis of [3+3]-cyclocodensation, acylation and alkylation reactions. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The anti-inflammatory action of novel thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-one derivatives was evaluated in vivo employing the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. When compared with Ibuprofen, some our compounds were found to be more potent. Graphical abstract text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society anti-inflammatory activity organic synthesis thiazolo[4 5-b]pyridines Anti-inflammatory properties of some novel thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52585 2020-09-14 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Sarray, Dhurgham Khalid Abed Sarray National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Horiacha, Liliia National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zhuravel, Iryna National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Fedosov, Andriy 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 145 152 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52585 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52585/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52585/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52585/download/xml/ Mirabilis jalapa is a popular decorative plant valued for its beautiful multicolored flowers. Folk medicine in various countries applies Mirabilis jalapa as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, spasmolytic drug. Chemical composition of different types of Mirabilis jalapa has not yet been adequately studied which is an obstacle for its application in medicine. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds were studied by the HPLC method. The performed experiment revealed presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumarins in tested herb. The content of phenolic compounds was the highest in Mirabilis jalapa flowers, counting as much as 2977.41 ± 59.55 µg/mg. Total content of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa herb was 304.25 ± 6.08 µg/mg, in fruits – 67.92 ± 1.36 µg/mg, and in roots – 12.44 ± 0.25 µg/mg. Quantitatively neochlorogenic acid dominated in flowers, chlorogenic acid in fruits, whereas Mirabilis jalapa herb mostly contained rutin and hyperoside. The obtained results will be useful in the development of quality control methods for Mirabilis jalapa herb and manufacture of drug preparations on its basis. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Mirabilis jalapa four-o’clocks phenolic compounds HPLC HPLC study of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa raw material Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51812 2020-09-14 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Savych, Alona https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-7625 I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Marchyshyn, Svetlana Bukovina State Medical University, Chernivtsy, Ukraine author Basaraba, Roksolana 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 153 159 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51812 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51812/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51812/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51812/download/xml/ It was determined the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3, № 4, № 7, № 13, № 19, which are used in folk medicine for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ukraine by GC/MS method. According to the results it was identified 8 fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3, 13 fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 4, 12 fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 7, 13 fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 13 and 11 fatty acids in the herbal antidiabetic collection № 19. The saturated fatty acids were found to be dominated in the raw plant material. The results of the quantitative research showed that the herbal antidiabetic collection № 3 contains 16.13 mg/g of fatty acids, the herbal antidiabetic collection № 4 – 27.17 mg/g, the herbal antidiabetic collection № 7 – 31.98 mg/g, the herbal antidiabetic collection № 13 – 27.37 mg/g, the herbal antidiabetic collection № 19 – 18.79 mg/g. The GC/MS analysis of the fatty acid composition in the herbal antidiabetic collections has shown that this raw material has a lot of fatty acids, which can have a positive effect for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society diabetes mellitus herbal antidiabetic collection GC/MS fatty acids Determination of fatty acid composition content in the herbal antidiabetic collections Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52737 2020-09-14 pharmacia

MD, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zheleva-Kyuchukova, Ivayla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-3531 MD, Sofia, Bulgaria author Gelev, Valeri 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 135 143 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52737 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52737/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52737/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52737/download/xml/ The progress of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) over the last few decades facilitated treatment of increasingly complex patient populations. The introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs) led to need of stronger and prolonged inhibition of platelets which in turn increased the incidence of bleeding complications. The identification and management of patients at high bleeding risk (HBR) during and after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is still problematic in everyday clinical practice. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) high bleeding risk (HBR) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Antiplatelet therapy after PCI in patients with high risk of bleeding Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52474 2020-09-15 pharmacia

Istitute of Neurobiology, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kadinov, Boris Istitute of Neurobiology, Sofia, Bulgaria author Itzev, Dimitar 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 161 168 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52474 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52474/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52474/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52474/download/xml/ The interaction between carbon monoxide and nitric oxide and their role in modulation of stomach fundus excitability was studied. The presence and colocalization of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was verified in myentheric ganglia by immunohistochemistry. The role of inducible heme oxygenase isoenzyme was investigated after in vivo treatment of animals with CoCl2 (80 mg kg-1 b.w.) injected subcutaneously 24 hours before euthanasia. This treatment resulted in positive staining for the inducible isoform in stomach smooth muscle. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Contraction guinea-pig hemin heme oxygenase histochemistry smooth muscle Influence between NO and CO in guinea pig stomach fundus Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35080 2020-09-15 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Avakov, Valentyn Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Oktysyuk, Yuriy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-2490 Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Rozhko, Mykola 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 169 172 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35080 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35080/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35080/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35080/download/xml/ To be living at the most advanced technological area in history is to exist and face pollution one of the most serious threats to all living things on the planet. There is evidence that anthropogenic and technological pollutions cause a considerable number of health problems and stomatological in particular. This article demonstrates the results gained by administration of vitamin-macro element complex “Calcinova” and sorbent “Enterosgel” in correction of enzymes responsible for biotransformation of xenobiotics in blood serum of children from the polluted areas. It has been established the high efficiency of recommended scheme on caries prophylaxis that is proved by positive biochemical indexes in blood serum of this children observed 30 month after the beginning of the investigation. As a result of the introduced prophylaxis, we have noticed the significant improvement of biochemical indexes in children with tooth decay. The findings reflect a certain rise in activity of enzymes responsible for elimination of xenobiotics such as alcohol-dehydrogenase (ADH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) obtained from the blood serum of children from the main group comparing to the control group. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society dental caries xenobiotics alcohol dehydrogenase glutathione-S-transferase prophylaxis Prophylaxis of dental caries in children from polluted regions Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56788 2020-10-02 pharmacia

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author fakhrudin, nanang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-9503 Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri, Indonesia author Pertiwi, Krisna Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, Indonesia author Takubessi, Marce https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-5143 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari, Banjarbaru, Indonesia author Susiani, Eka Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author Nurrochmad, Arief https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-2574 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author Widyarini, Sitarina Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author Sudarmanto, Ari Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author Nugroho, Arief Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia author Wahyuono, Subagus 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 173 180 2020 10.3390/molecules21091114 10.1345/aph.1M548 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659 10.1111/jth.12952 10.1111/jth.12231 10.1063/1.5062741 10.1007/s11418-006-0048-0 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.031 10.3109/13880200903008641 10.1007/s11418-010-0410-0 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703046 10.3390/ijms18081803 10.3389/fphar.2018.00037 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.092 10.1007/s11239-020-02098-4 10.1007/s11239-011-0558-9 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.04.003 10.1038/nature06797 10.1038/s41573-020-0061-0 10.3390/ijms21041391 10.1002/(SICI)1097-458X(199609)34:9%3C719::AID-OMR948%3E3.0.CO;2-Q 10.2741/1939 10.2147/TCRM.S19835 10.1111/bph.13429 10.3109/10409239709082000 10.1002/cphy.c170049 10.1080/09537100120058739 10.3390/ijms19061578 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.01.009 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.030 10.1124/pr.117.014530 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56788 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56788/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56788/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56788/download/xml/ Platelet plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development. Abnormalities in platelet aggregation provokes thromboembolism, eventually leading to death. In Indonesia, breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) leaf is traditionally used to treat CVDs. This study aimed to evaluate the antiplatelet activity of A. altilis leaf extract (AAE) and to identify its active compound. A. altilis leaves were extracted with ethanol, and the antiplatelet activity was assessed using ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The major compound was isolated with column chromatography followed by preparative TLC, and the structure was determined on the basis of UV, MS, IR, and NMR spectra. The binding mode of the active compound to platelet receptors was characterized in in silico study. AAE exhibited an antiplatelet activity (IC50 of 252.23 µg/mL). A geranylated chalcone, 2-geranyl-2ʹ,3,3,4ʹ-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (GTDC) was identified as the antiplatelet compound (IC50 of 9.09 µM). GTDC actions with P2Y12 platelet receptor involving three amino acid residues. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Artocarpus communis 2-geranyl-2ʹ 3 3 4ʹ-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone thrombosis P2Y12 P2Y1 A geranylated chalcone with antiplatelet activity from the leaves of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46586 2020-10-02 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Kotvitska, Alla National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Prokopenko, Oleksii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9095-4160 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 215 221 2020 World Health Organization. WHO Guideline on Country Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK258631/ World Health Organization. World Health Assembly. (n.d.). https://www.who.int/about/governance/world-health-assembly. [Published May 29, 2019] World Health Organization. WHO Roadmap for access 2019–2023. (20–28 of May 2019). https://www.who.int/medicines/access_use/Roadmap_for_access_zero_draft.pdf 10.1002/mds.25945 10.1503/cmaj.151179 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Parkinson’s disease in adults. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng71 Republican Center for Health Development. Clinical protocol of diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. www.rcrz.kz/docs/clinic_protocol/2016/2%D0%BF%D0%B3/ Clinical protocol for the provision of medical care to patients with Parkinson’s disease. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0487282-07/ Morion Company. Research of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, analytical company “Pharmstandard" of Morion Company Ukraine. http://www.pharmstandart.com.ua/login. I Kubarieva author 2010 2010 State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Average monthly salary for regions. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2005/gdn/reg_zp_m/reg_zpm_u/arh_zpm_u.htm State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Average monthly retirement contribution and number of pensioners. http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/sz/sz_u/srp_07rik_u.html CMU Resolution No. 955 from 17.10.2008 “Measures to stabilize the prices of medicines and medical products". https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/main/184-2019-%D0%BF 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00228.x CMU Resolution No. 1303 of 17.08.1998 “About regulation of free and preferential dispensing of the prescribed medicines in the case of outpatient treatment of certain populations and for certain categories of diseases". https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/main/1303-98-%D0%BF World Health Organization. WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/ 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46586 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46586/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46586/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46586/download/xml/ In the context of the economic crisis, the availability of medicines for the population is one of the key issues facing pharmaceutical sector of healthcare system. Due to the fact of that, the purpose of the work was to study the social and economic accessibility of medicines, since such studies in the future may provide an opportunity for effective input of medicines costs reimbursement system, which will increase their availability, especially for socially vulnerable groups of population. The data analysis of the clinical protocols of Great Britain, Kazakhstan and Ukraine was conducted, and the indicators of social and economic availability within 2014–2018 were calculated. The obtained results indicate an adequate level of availability of medicines for the able-bodied population and, unfortunately, a low level of accessibility of medicines for people of retirement age with a tendency to further descension. These results point the necessity of the further research and development of government control systems and provision of pharmaceutical care for the population. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society clinical protocol medicines index of retail prices neurological diseases Determination of social and economic accessibility of drugs for treatment of Parkinson’s disease on the basis of modern approaches Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50458 2020-10-02 pharmacia

Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Mihaylova, Anna A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-6074 Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Kasnakova, Petya Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Gueorguiev, Stanislav https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-6172 Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Petkova-Gueorguieva, Elina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-3863 Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Peikova, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3479 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 209 214 2020 RA Ballard author 2006 2006 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60820-4 2013 2013 Brazilian Ministry of Health (2013) SINASC – National Information System on Live Births, 2013 Nov 27. 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00047-1 10.1016/0167-6296(91)90031-H 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001502 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.119 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01732-X 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90222-8 10.1002/14651858.CD003935.pub3 Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery: A randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone. A Danesh author 2012 text Journal of Research in Medical Science 2012 17 911 7 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00485-X 2010 2010 EURO-PERISTAT (2010) Project, with SCPE, EUROCAT, EURONEOAT. European Perinatal Health Report. [Accessed: April 1, 2015] 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.09.014 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70160-2 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4 Births: Preliminary data for 2010. BE Hamilton author 2011 text National Vital Statistics Reports 2011 62 1 1 70 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00644.x , Deaths: leading causes for 2008. M Heron author 2012 text National Vital Statistics Reports 2012 60 6 1 94 CP Howson author 2012 2012 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60108-7 Adequacy of prenatal care and pregnancy outcome. PM Krueger author 2000 text Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2000 100 485 492 J Martin author 2012 2012 RL Drake author 2014 2014 KL Moore author 2002 2002 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.12.039 10.1542/peds.112.6.1290 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2001.00203.x 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00577.x 2015 2015 Preterm Labor and Birth: Condition Information (2015) http://www.nichd.nih.gov [03/11/2014. Retrieved 7 March 2015] „Respiratory distress syndrome and its management“. RJ Rodriguez author AA Fanaroff author 2002 text St. Louis: Mosby 2002 1001 1011 2010 2010 RCOG [Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists] (2010) Antenatal corticosteroids to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. London (UK): Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG); M Sandeva author 2016 2016 S Sinha author 2012 2012 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00575.x 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e50458 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50458/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50458/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/50458/download/xml/ Preterm birth is a vital global health-economic problem. Health disorders provoked by it generate a high neonatal mortality rate. Prenatal corticosteroid prevention aims to reduce postnatal complications in premature infants. This survey covered two basic baby groups: work group of 89 premature infants that had been subjected to prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis and a control group of 78 premature babies without prenatal prevention. The analysis of the pharmacoeconomic aspects of prenatal corticosteroid prevention enabled the comparison of clinical and therapeutic results, treatment costs, therapeutic expenditures, shortterm therapeutic effect, benefits and sequences from premature infants’ therapy. The analysis of clinical data obtained during this survey enabled the conclusion that when analyzing the combined effect of Dexamethasone prophylaxis, gestation week at birth and the age of the mother of premature infants with RDS, respiratory obstuction occurrence was mediated by the earlier gestation week at birth, older mother’s age and, at this background, it was restricted to a certain extent by prenatal corticosteroid administration. Conclusions: Prenatal corticosteroids cause reduction of premature infants’ treatment costs. The implementation of a smaller number of dexamethasone applications leads to smaller expenditures for premature infants’ treatment and care compared to those that have more dexamethasone applications. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society preterm birth prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis health costs premature neonates RDS Cost analysis of neonates after prenatal corticosteroid prophylaxis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55835 2020-10-02 pharmacia

Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Chakuleska, Lidija Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Simeonova, Rumiana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-9053 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Danchev, Nikolay 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 199 207 2020 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100216 10.1007/s11657-016-0286-z 10.1002/psb.1815 10.1136/bmj.i5109 AM Borisova author 2019 2019 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.02.009 10.1007/s10198-019-01066-x 10.1359/jbmr.061113 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110668 Review on the pharmacology of osteoporosis. LV Chakuleska author 2018 text Pharmacia 2018 65 3 49 56 10.1007/s11657-017-0324-5 10.1016/j.jval.2017.02.006 10.1210/jc.2019-00221 2014 2014 EMA/10206/ (2014) PRAC recommends suspending use of Protelos/Osseor (strontium ranelate). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/press-release/prac-recommends-suspending-use-protelos/osseor_en.pdf 2013 2013 EMA/109665/2013 (2013) Assessment report for calcitonin containing medicinal products. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/referral/assessment-report-calcitonin-containing-medicinal-products_en.pdf 10.1007/s00198-005-1943-z 10.1007/978-3-030-33861-9_3 2020 2020 Health Insurance Fund of Republic of North Macedonia (2020) Health Insurance Fund of Republic of North Macedonia. http://www.fzo.org.mk/default-mk.asp 10.1007/s11657-013-0136-1 10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5 10.3389/fphar.2017.00288 2014 2014 Law for health insurance (2014) Law for health insurance, State Gazette 25/ March 2000, last amended State Gazette 113/ 2014. 2007 2007 Law on medicine and medical devices (2007) Law on medicine and medical devices “Official gazette of RM” 106/ 05.09.2007 10.1002/jbm4.10192 2020 2020 Ministry Council (2020) Ministry Council, Decree on conditions, rules, and order of regulation and registration of prices of medicinal products. State Gazette 40/30 April 2013; last amended State Gazette 19/ 6 March 2020. 2020 2020 Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bulgaria (2020) Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bulgaria; Inclusion of medicinal products in the Positive Drug List of the Republic of Bulgaria. https://portal.ncpr.bg/registers/pages/register/list-medicament.xhtml 2020 2020 National Council on Prices and Reimbursement of Medicinal Products in R. Bulgaria (2020) National Council on Prices and Reimbursement of Medicinal Products in R. Bulgaria. https://portal.ncpr.bg/registers/pages/register/list-medicament.xhtml 2009–2020 2009–2020 National Health Insurance Fund of Republic of Bulgaria (2009–2020) National Health Insurance Fund of Republic of Bulgaria. https://www.nhif.bg 2018 2018 National Institutes of Health (2018) Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases. National Resource Center. Osteoporosis Overview. https://www.bones.nih.gov/sites/bones/files/pdfs/osteopoverview-508.pdf 2020 2020 National People Assembly (2020) National People Assembly. Law for health insurance, State Gazette 70/ 19 June, 1998, last amended State Gazette 54/ 16 June 2020 10.1007/s11739-018-1874-2 2008 2008 Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia (2008) Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 8 dated 17.01.2008, 54–55, Rulebook on Determining Criteria and Procedure for Determining Reference Prices of Medicines. http://www.slvesnik.com.mk/Issues/1C913E2A48F32644A11C20606BE45627.pdf 10.1517/14740338.2014.939169 10.1097/00005131-200309001-00002 Pharmacotherapy costs of osteoporosis and related fractures in Bulgaria. A Savova author 2012 text Acta Medica Bulgarica (XXXIX) 2012 1 31 39 10.1210/clinem/dgaa048 10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048 10.4103/2249-4863.94457 10.2147/TCRM.S3552 10.1007/s11657-014-0187-y Our reflection on prices of parapharmaceuticals for osteoporosis prevention. V Vasilev author 2003a text Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2003a 49 1 2 Pricing approaches towards the parapharmaceuticals for osteoporosis prevention. V Vasilev author 2003b text Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2003b 49 1 2 1994 1994 World Health Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group [meeting held in Rome from 22 to 25 June 1992] https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39142 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55835 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55835/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55835/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55835/download/xml/ The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the number of health insured persons suffering from osteoporosis and antiosteoporotic drugs reimbursed by the National Health Insurance Funds (NHIF) in the Republic of Bulgaria (RBG) and Republic of North Macedonia (RNM) for the period 2015–2018. The reimbursement cost paid by the NHIF for the same period in both countries was surveyed. The results show an increase in both the number of patients with osteoporosis and the cost of the treatment. The most prescribed drug in R. Bulgaria is denosumab and it has the highest costs respectively, while in R.N. Macedonia the most prescribed and respectively the most expensive treatment is the bisphosphonate ibandronic acid, tablets of 150 mg. The trend of rising costs in both countries is likely to continue due to the increasing number of patients with osteoporosis. The number of patients and cost of pharmacotherapy in RNM and RBG are increasing but the reimbursement policy in RNM is more restrictive in terms of reimbursed medicines. On the other side, the RNM is with a higher level of reimbursement that might positively affect the cost of pharmacotherapy. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society bisphosphonate Health Insurance Fund reimbursement status Pharmacotherapy costs and medicines reimbursement policies of osteoporosis in the Republic of Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46865 2020-10-02 pharmacia

Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Becheva, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-8280 Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Taneva, Daniela 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 181 185 2020 M Becheva author 2019 2019 10.1136/bmj.d2040 Osteoporosis-Diagnostic, Prevention and Treatement. A-M Borissova author 1998 text Endocrinolagia 1998 3 4 1 59 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9808141 S Ivanova author 2015 2015 10.2174/1381612823666170714122714 SА Ivanova author 2019 2019 St Ivanova author 2017 2017 10.1007/s00198-004-1640-3 10.1002/jbmr.5650090802 10.1002/14651858.CD004143.pub4 10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1254 10.1001/jama.272.24.1942 10.1007/PL00022723 10.1007/s11657-012-0109-9 Role of phytoestrogens in prevention of osteoporosis. St Pankova author 2015 text International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 2015 7 2 1 6 A review of current treatment options for osteporosis in Bulgaria. St Pankova author 2015 text World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015 4 5 1 12 10.1210/er.2001-8002 Antioxidant characteristics of different varieties distributed in Bulgaria. St Papanov author 2015 text International Journal of Technical Research & Applications 2015 3 2 33 36 10.9734/JPRI/2017/35627 10.1001/jama.2010.594 10.1016/j.bone.2003.10.001 E Seeman author 1996 1996 10.1359/JBMR.050609 10.11648/j.ijnfs.s.2015040101.14 10.23958/ijirms/vol01-i04/04 Evaluation of separation of steroids in combined forms by RP HPLC with UV-detection and gas chromatography. D Tsvetkova author 2017 text Bulgarian Chemical Communications 2017 49 2 377 383 1994 Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group. WHO Technical Report Series no. 1994 29 pp World Health Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group. WHO Technical Report Series no.843WHO, Genève, 29 pp. 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e46865 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46865/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46865/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/46865/download/xml/ Osteoporosis is a generalized bone disease characterized by diminished bone strength with an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a major health concern, both because of the risk of potentially serious fractures and because its prevalence is increasing as the population ages. The treatment of the disease is complex and includes adherence to a particular diet, medications (hormone replacement therapy, calcium, vitamin D, etc.), kinesitherapy, physiotherapy and orthotics. To reduce osteoporosis, it is necessary to avoid the risk of fractures, to do regular physical activities, to eat bone-healthy foods, to lead a proper lifestyle with the avoidance of negative habits and to maintain a healthy weight. A person also needs to have knowledge of personal risk factors and to consult a doctor if medical treatment is to be applied. The classic therapeutic approach is with antiresorptive anti-osteoporosis agents. A promising therapeutic trend is the study of compounds with low toxicity and potential properties to influence the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease and oxidative stress, such as phytoestrogens and hormone replacement therapy, at the same time. The aim of the article is to familiarize the audience with the preventive measures and therapies applied to the treatment of osteoporosis. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Osteoporosis prophylaxis medication treatment Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e37433 2020-10-02 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Burda, Nadiia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-5731 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zhuravel, Iryna Middle East University, Amman, Jordan author Dababneh, Moeen F. Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for Quality of Medicines, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Kotov, Andrii Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for Quality of Medicines, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Kotova, Elina National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Popyk, Andrii 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 187 191 2020 10.4103/0973-7847.125530 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.003 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.005 10.1201/b10787 2016 2016 JP XVII [The Japanese Pharmacopoeia] (2016) Seventeenth Edition. Official From April 1, 2016 English Version The Ministry Of Health, Labour And Welfare. http://jpdb.nihs.go.jp/jp17e/000217650.pdf 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.003 Comparative, qualitative and quantitative chemotypic characterization among North Indian Tribulus terrestris. A Kumar author 2012 text International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012 3 6 212 218 Pharmacological scientific evidence for the promise of Tribulus terrestris. J Mohd author 2012 text International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2012 3 5 403 406 2005 2005 Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2005) English version, Vol. I. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing. https://www.amazon.com/Pharmacopoeia-Peoples-Republic-China-v/dp/7117069821 10.1177/1557988306298623 Antimicrobial activities of Tribulus terrestris L. on selected pathogenic microorganisms. T Sasikala author 2014 text International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research 2014 4 3 182 186 10.15377/2409-983X.2015.02.01.2 10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0036 2008 2008 The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (2008) Part – I. Volume-VI. First Ed. Government Of India Ministry Of Health & Family Welfare Department Of Ayush New Delhi, 492 pp. https://naturalingredient.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/API-Vol-6.pdf 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e37433 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37433/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37433/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/37433/download/xml/ This study describes the identification and quantitative determination of furostanol glycosides in caltrop herb harvested in the fructification period. Furostanol glycosides were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified by UV-vis spectrophotometry. The furostanol glycosides were visualized on the TLC plate as pink spots after treatment with dimethylamine benzaldehyde solution. UV-vis spectrophotometry quantified these substances to the amount of at least 0.4 %. The data on the identification and quantification of furostanol glycosides obtained in the course of this research was implemented in the development of the Ukrainian State Pharmacopoeia for caltrop herb. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society caltrop herb TLC UV-vis spectrophotometry Identification and quantitative analysis of furostanol glycosides in caltrop Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54473 2020-10-02 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Chaplynska, Nataliia Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Rudnyk, Viktoriya Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Skrypnyk, Liubov Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Matkovska, Nataliia 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 193 197 2020 10.1007/978-1-4614-8927-6_3 Sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs. MI Dzeman author 2012 text Praktykuyuchylikar 2012 4 23 28 Sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs: epidemiology, patient structure, treatment results. VK Havrysiuk author 2014 text Ukrainian therapeutic journal 2014 2 95 100 VK Havrysiuk author 2018 Treatment of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: methodical guidance. 2018 50 pp MA Judson author 2014 Pulmonarysarcoidosis: A Guide for the practicing clinician. 2014 22 pp 2014 2014 Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (2014) Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 634, dated 08.09.2014 “Unified clinical protocol of primary, secondary (specialized), tertiary (highly specialized) medical care “Sarcoidosis”. 10.1007/978-1-4614-8927-6_4 Respiratory organs sarcoidosis in clinical practice. DV Sergienko author 2014 text Rational pharmacotherapy 2014 1 30 37 42 10.1007/978-1-4614-8927-6_2 AA Vizel author 2009 2009 2012 2012 X-ray picture of bones and joints in various general infectious, fungal and parasitic diseases (2012) X-ray picture of bones and joints in various general infectious, fungal and parasitic diseases. https://auno.kz/rentgenodiagnostika-zabolevanij-kostej/380-rentgenologicheskaya-kartina-kostej-i-sustavov.html 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54473 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54473/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54473/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54473/download/xml/ Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology, at the basis of which there is an inflammatory granulation epithelioid process without a pronounced exudative reaction and without caseous necrosis. This disease has various manifestations. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical case of generalized sarcoidosis with bone lesion in a patient M., born in 1987. There were performed X-ray examinations, computed tomography (CT), fibrobronchoscopy, determination of calcium levels, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), soluble IL-2 receptor in the blood. Dynamic observation was performed for 10 months. The patient started methylprednisolone therapy at a dose of 20 mg/day. Significant positive effect of this treatment was noted. Thus, when patients complain of the bone and joint system problems, examination plan should include radiological examination of thoracic organs, which will allow us to avoid late diagnosis of sarcoidosis or other multisystem diseases that may have similar clinical manifestations. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society clinical case sarcoidosis bones of hands methylprednisolone Clinical observation of generalized sarcoidosis with damage of bones Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55437 2020-10-02 pharmacia

I Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Ivankiv, Yana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-9843 I Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Oleshchuk, Oleksandra M. 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 223 228 2020 10.2337/dc18-S008 10.2174/1871527313666140711091400 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.08.033 10.1007/BF03345555 10.1530/eje.0.1450799 10.3389/fendo.2017.00343 10.3390/ijms14048638 10.3389/fendo.2019.00451 10.1038/nri2925 10.1046/j.1365-2362.32.s3.4.x 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.11.014 10.1186/s13287-018-1114-8 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.01014.x 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.06.001 10.1007/s12551-017-0256-8 10.3390/medicina55060304 10.18632/oncotarget.7863 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.001 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.013 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2004.00135.x 10.1080/09291016.2019.1566993 10.3389/fendo.2018.00032 10.1186/1742-4933-2-17 10.1159/000148191 10.3390/molecules201018886 10.3389/fendo.2019.00056 10.1038/cmi.2017.7 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55437 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55437/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55437/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55437/download/xml/ Aim: To investigate the effect of melatonin on the immunomodulatory response in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Experiments were performed on male rats (180–200 g), purchased from the Experimental Animal Holding,. Animals were maintained in standard diet conditions. Two pathological states were simulated on male rats: experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Melatonin was introduced from 14 to 23 days of experiment intraperitoneally. Levels of immunoglobulin classes A, M and G (Ig A, M, G), circulating immune complexes (CIC), interleukin 1β (EE), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) were measured. Results: We demonstrated that melatonin in case of immune hyperactivity, can, provide a suppressive effect and is able to enhance immune reactivity under conditions of its limitation, indicating the immunostimulating activity. Furthermore, we found that administration of melatonin decreased inflammatory responses by mediating the levels of immunomodulatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion: Melatonin is a positive regulator of immune system, may be a potential therapeutic agent, it has no reported side effects. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society experimental diabetes melatonin immune system Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin supplementation in experimental diabetes Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48634 2020-10-23 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Shkondrov, Aleksandar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-6058 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krasteva, Ilina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-0369 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kozuharova, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9660 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zdraveva, Petranka University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria author Savev, Slavcho 2020-10-23 2020-10-23 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 229 232 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48634 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48634/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48634/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/48634/download/xml/ Mauritianin is a relatively rare flavonoid, but several studies revealed its pharmacological potential. In this study overground parts of ten Astragalus species were investigated for mauritianin content to find a reliable source of the compound. The quantity of the flavonoid in each extract was determined by a novel high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method. For the first time mauritianin is reported in A. cicer, A. onobrychis, A. glycyphyllos, A. glycyphylloides, A. corniculatus and A. ponticus. Only in A. depressus the compound was not found. Significant differences in mauritianin content (from 4 to 1642 ng/mg dry weight) of the samples were observed. Noteworthy, A. onobrychis var. chlorocarpus and A. cicer could be considered as a potential source of the compound, substituting the rare A. monspessulanus subsp. monspessulanus. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Astragalus mauritianin quantitative analysis flavonoids UHPLC-MS Bulgarian species of genus Astragalus as potential sources of mauritianin Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51304 2020-10-23 pharmacia

Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zhelyazkova, Margarita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-0965 Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kirilov, Bogdan Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Momekov, Georgi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7089 2020-10-23 2020-10-23 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 239 252 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51304 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51304/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51304/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51304/download/xml/ Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment and has demonstrated great success with the introduction of selectively acting molecules against specific biomarkers of some types of tumors. Despite this success there is a large unmet need for novel therapies that provide effective control on the progression of advanced or drug-resistant cancer diseases. In this review, we briefly summarized our knowledge of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, as possible agents for cancer therapy. We analyzed the anticancer properties and mechanism of action of cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive cannabinoid received from hemp of Cannabis plant. Despite of data for pleiotropic effects of CBD, we here present the results for the efficacy of CBD in the modulation of different stages of cancer development. The analysis of the anticancer properties of CBD is made in relation to the proposed or newly discovered molecular targets of action. Thereafter, we consider the specific effects of CBD on primary tumors, their invasiveness and metastases, whether the influence on identified tumor markers in different types of tumors reflect the therapeutic potential of CBD. The studies reviewed herein indicate that CBD elicit activity through the cannabinoid receptor dependent and independent pathways. The processes such as ceramide production, ER-stress, autophagy and apoptosis, angiogenesis and matrix remodeling also appear to regulate the anticancer activity of CBD. So, the pharmacological basis for therapeutic application of CBD is constructed on the scientific data for its antitumor activity, extensively provided studies in vitro and in vivo in animal tumor models, and available data on the safety profile of clinically approved CBD products. We also try to reduce the deficits of our understanding in relation of pharmacological synergistic interactions of CBD with cytostatic drugs, where data remains limited. It is recognized that more studies for defining the specific molecular and signaling mechanisms of anticancer action of cannabinoids, particularly CBD, requires further evaluation. We believe that the therapeutic advantages of CBD are associated not only with its non-psychoactive behavior, but also are related to its influence on the important biochemical pathways and signal molecules, defining the genome instability and specific changes of the malignant tumor cells. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society anticancer effect cannabidiol mechanism of action pharmacological interactions safety profile The pharmacological basis for application of cannabidiol in cancer chemotherapy Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e58024 2020-10-23 pharmacia

Clinic of Internal Diseases UMHATEM “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kobakova, Yozlem Ali Clinic of Internal Diseases UMHATEM “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kobakova, Yozlem Ali Clinic of Internal Diseases UMHATEM “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria author Atanasov, Petar Medical University of Pleven, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ivanova, Stefka Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria Medical University of Pleven, Sofia, Bulgaria author Obreshkova, Danka 2020-10-23 2020-10-23 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 233 237 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e58024 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58024/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58024/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58024/download/xml/ The aim of current study was the investigation of complex treatment including nutritional supplement with recognized antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties (malic, glycyrrhizic, ascorbic and folic acids, glucosamine, arginine, glycine, calcium pantothenate, cyanocobalamine, zinc sulfate, pyridoxal) and purely plant systemic protease supplement (Serrapeptase, Bromelaim, Boswellia, Uncaria tomentosa, Quercetin) as a strategy against Covid 19. A clinical case of a 33-year-old patient treated in Internal Clinic Diseases ”Pirogov” against atypical bilaterally viral pneumonia with RT-PCR proven coronavirus have been presented. A complex treatment strategy was applied: Doxycycline, Amikacin sulfate, food additive containing malic and glycyrhizic acids, aminoacids, B-vitamins, antioxidants, proteolytic agent, Methylprednisolone, anticoagulant: Nadroparin calcium, hepatoprotector: Ademethionine. After 16 days hospitalization and two negative RT-PCR tests the patient was discharged in improved condition and home treatment with Levofloxacin hemihydrate, vitamins, probiotics, immunomodulatory and proteolytic products for one month was recommended. Immunostimulating, proteolytic and other products have an important role in complex treatment. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society immunomodulators proteolytics pneumonia SARS-CoV-2 treatment The role of immunostimulants in the complex therapy of Covid 19 – a clinical case Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38078 2020-10-23 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Shebeko, Sergii https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-7588 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Zupanets, Igor National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine author Otrishko, Inna 2020-10-23 2020-10-23 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 253 259 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e38078 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38078/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38078/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/38078/download/xml/ The efficacy of N-acetylglucosamine in rats with chronic kidney disease is described in this article. The results of the study show that N-acetylglucosamine significantly increased (p<0.05) the excretion of nitrogen compounds (creatinine by 100.4% and urea by 46.6%) and as a result de-creased the level of azotemia. The intensity of free radical oxidation was significantly decreased (p<0.05) (blood conjugated dienes by 32.9%, blood thiobarbituric acid reactive substances – by 14.1%, kidney conjugated dienes – by 40.1% and kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substances – by 26.3%) and the balance of kidney antioxidant system was restored. N-acetylglucosamine was significantly superior (p<0.05) to comparator quercetin in renal excretory function and nitro-gen metabolism by the most of indicators and was not inferior to the influence on the free radical oxidation and kidney oxidative stress. Thus, N-acetylglucosamine is advisable to further experimental studies at i.m. administration as a chronic kidney disease treatment. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society chronic kidney disease intramuscular administration N-acetylglucosamine rats Efficacy of the N-acetylglucosamine in experimental therapy of chronic kidney disease Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57134 2020-10-26 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Koleva, Kalina Bulgarian Drug Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria author Todorova, Lyubina Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Marchev, Stanislav Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Vlaskovska, Mila Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Nikolov, Rumen 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 283 288 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57134 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57134/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57134/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57134/download/xml/ Pharmacovigilance activities are of vital importance for ensuring effective and safe medicinal products. In order to clarify to which extent marketing authorisation holders (MAHs) meet the requirements of the Law and the Directives related to this activities, we conducted a systematic search among the procedures submitted to the Bulgarian Drug Agency (BDA) related to the implementation of the decisions of the Pharmacovigilance Committee and the Co-ordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures – Human (CMDh) for a period of 6 years. The results of the study showed significant discrepancies between regulatory requirements and the behavior of the MAH at the national level. This could be a serious problem, as inadequate or late implementations of the PRAC (Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee)/CMDh/EC recommendations can lead to untimely informing of healthcare professionals and patients about potential safety concerns and risks related to the use of medicinal products. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society NSAIDs opioids regulatory requirements discrepancies Pharmacovigilance: procedures for uniform assessment of periodic safety update reports and their implementation in national settings. Focus on analgesics Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56880 2020-10-26 pharmacia

Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine author Nykyforuk, Andriy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-4539 Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Fira, Liudmyla Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Lykhatskyі, Petro Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Pyda, Victor 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 277 282 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56880 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56880/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56880/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56880/download/xml/ Disorders of protein metabolism – one of the pathologies, the treatment of which is an urgent problem of modern medicine and pharmacy. The importance of the problem is stipulated due to the prevalence of diseases that are accompanied by a violation of protein metabolism in the body. Restoration of protein resources during such conditions requires adequate intake of structural components from the outside – proteins, amino acids and other biologically active substances-correctors of protein metabolism. In recent decades, much attention has been paid to the discoveries of anabolic agents of natural origin, especially from plants. We conducted research on the study of the anabolic and antioxidant properties of dry extract of spinach garden leaves on the model of food deprivation in rats. Established, that the dry extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of animals prevents the development of organic disorders of protein metabolism, oxidative stress, prevents a sharp decrease in body weight and slows down the generalized catabolism caused by starvation in rats. Under the influence of the extract on the model of food deprivation, the diuretic function of the kidneys is preserved at the physiological level. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society spinach garden leaves dry extract food deprivation protein metabolism spontaneous diuresis oxidative stress rats Experimental research of garden spinach extract as a potential anabolic medicinal product Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57794 2020-10-26 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Nastyukha, Yuliya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-7168 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Kostyana, Kateryna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-721X Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Maksymovych, Maria Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Boretska, Olga 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 261 268 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57794 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57794/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57794/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57794/download/xml/ Applying the Classification for Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) of the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (V 9.00, 2019) allowed to systematize the information on the use of drugs in elderly patients given in the Annex of the State Drug Formulary of Ukraine. As a result of this work, special warnings and recommendations of the State Drug Formulary were presented together with the possible causes for potential DRPs, which they allow to prevent. The lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for the elderly (n = 98), drugs the dosage of which in patients of this age group should be adjusted (n = 127), and drugs that need monitoring (n = 108) were formed. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of a specialized geriatric tool to ensure rational pharmacotherapy, in particular in the provision of pharmaceutical care. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society elderly potentially inappropriate medication pharmaceutical care State Drug Formulary The role of the State Drug Formulary of Ukraine in providing rational pharmacotherapy for elderly patients Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55159 2020-10-26 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Zaliska, Olha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-7909 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Stasiv, Khrystyna Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Maksymovych, Nataliia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-0385 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hrynkiv, Yaryna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-6136 2020-10-26 2020-10-26 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 269 276 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55159 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55159/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55159/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/55159/download/xml/ The prevalence of infertility has risen 2.9 times in recent years in Ukraine. The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is needed. The State program for infertility treatment by budget funds was approved in Ukraine since 2004. However, funding for this program is enough only for 500–600 cycles per year, but ART centers conducted more than 27,000 cycles in 2018. This means that many women have to pay out-of-pockets. Our research has shown that between 2000 and 2018, the number of ART clinics and the number of cycles, pregnancies, and children born increased significantly in Ukraine. The rate of ART cycles per 1 million population in Ukraine has increased from 226.9 to 655.3, but it is lower than the WHO recommended rate 800–1000 cycles per 1 million population. Changes in the structure of ART cycles for 2000–2018, the increase of ICSI, and egg donation cycles are shown. It requires an adequate supply by hormonal drugs for ovarian stimulation in ART centers. Since 2004 Ministry of Health of Ukraine annually approved the list of medicines for State program of ART. Only 8 drugs were purchased by the state funds, which amounted for USD 227 438 in 2017, 2018. A retrospective analysis of drug prescriptions in short and long stimulation protocols was performed. The frequency of drug prescriptions according to the ATC-classification based on medical records was determined, all prescriptions were accordance with the requirements of ART treatment standards in Ukraine. The costs of the three hormonal stimulation schemes, which were the most prescribing in ART center, were calculated. It was found that costs for hormonal schemes increased by 22–54% during 2015–2020, it significantly reduces the availability and affordability of ART for the population in Ukraine. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society infertility assisted reproductive technologies cost ovarian stimulation affordability The trends of assisted reproductive technologies and cost for ovarian stimulation protocols in Ukraine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54777 2020-11-03 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Kotvitska, Alla National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Nemchenko, Alla National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Nazarkina, Viktoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-6180 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 295 301 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54777 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54777/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54777/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54777/download/xml/ Based on generalization of the modern international experience the areas of development of the methodology for training specialists in Health Technology Assessment (НТА) system have been determined; they reflect the categories of information consumers, the goal, methods, organizers and intermediaries of knowledge transfer. The analysis of the market of educational services, educational curricula and Internet resources in the field of НТА has been conducted. Based on the results they are classified into 4 groups – academic programs, professional improvement and continuing education, short-term training and information for various target groups, online courses at the pre-graduate level and for postgraduate training. According to the all-Ukrainian survey the necessity for training specialists in the field of “expert in assessing health technologies” has been confirmed. Based on the information needs, requirements of stakeholders and international experts in НТА a qualification characteristic, and on its basis – the professional academic program, have been developed at the National University of Pharmacy, as well as training of the corresponding specialists has been started. In the future, it is planned to expand educational services and conduct short-term courses and workshops, as well as online training of specialists in НТА at the postgraduate level. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society educational program health technology assessment training of specialists The relevance of training specialists in the Health Technology Assessment in the world and Ukraine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57752 2020-11-03 pharmacia

Medical University of Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria author Lebanova, Hristina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-6965 Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Union, Sofia, Bulgaria author Balkanski, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-7918 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Naseva, Emilia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8441 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Getov, Ilko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-9327 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 289 293 2020 2019 2019 AESGP (2019) Evolving the self-care environment. https://aesgp.eu/content/uploads/2020/05/AESGP_ActivityReport2019-interactive.pdf [August 19, 2020] 10.1186/s13104-015-1737-0 10.1007/s00228-006-0107-1 10.1136/thorax.58.10.851 Patients’ knowledge about the “Rx-to-OTC” switch process in Bulgaria. V Belcheva author 2016 text Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica 2016 3 39 39 Study of Bulgarian patient’s awareness on the process of medicines reclassification in terms of drug safety and effectiveness /part I/. V Belcheva author 2017 text Health Policy and Management 2017 17 18 20 C Bonsignore author 2014 2014 10.1345/aph.1L605 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.022 2013 2013 EPPOSI (2013) Consumer Perceptions of Self Care in Europe Quantitative Study 2013 2 EPPOSI self care barometer: quantitative study perceptions of self care in Europe. S Georgiev author 2018 2018 10.3390/pharmacy7030106 10.2165/00002018-200124140-00002 M Irfadh author 2013 2013 10.1159/000092989 10.1001/jama.287.3.337 10.1023/A:1008733207854 Practical tool to assess reliability of web-based medicines information. H Lebanova author 2014 text Medicinski Glasnik 2014 11 221 227 10.1007/s40264-018-0719-2 10.1080/13696998.2017.1390473 10.2174/157488609788172982 10.12955/cbup.v4.847 10.1016/j.sapharm.2008.04.002 The role of pharmacist as an advisor on responsible self-medication: a survey. A Tsvetkova author 2014 text World J of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014 3 325 335 2000 2000 WHO (2000) Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for use in Self-Medication. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/66154/WHO_EDM_QSM_00.1_eng.pdf [August 18, 2020] 10.1186/1472-6904-11-19 2019 2019 ZLPHM (2019) Medicinal Products in Human Medicine Act. 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57752 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57752/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57752/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57752/download/xml/ The aim of the study is to identify the current practices of self-medication in Bulgaria, estimate the extent patients are influenced by information about the safety of OTC products and pharmacists’ role and behavior in the process. An anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study was carried out among 280 pharmacists. The majority of the patients (92.6%) ask for pharmacists’ advice before buying OTC products. Most often patients need OTC drugs for mild conditions (80.7%), to save time (63.9%), and because they are unable to consult a physician (61.9%). The medium duration of consultation for an OTC product is between 5 and 10 minutes. The main barriers hindering the process are unwillingness from the patient (72.5%), lack of time (27.5%), and lack of confidentiality (26.6%). OTC medicines are considered safer than prescription-only medicines by pharmacists. Pharmacists could substantially contribute to rational self-medication and alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society self-medication pharmaceutical counseling over-the-counter medicines What does self-medication counseling in Bulgarian community pharmacies look like – a field study Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e47298 2020-11-06 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Andreeva-Gateva, Pavlina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-8654 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Bakalov, Dimitar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-8813 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Sabit, Zafer Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova, Radka 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 311 315 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e47298 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47298/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47298/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47298/download/xml/ Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are regulators of the expression of cytochrome P-450 isoforms, mediating a wide variety of the effects of substances from the endogenous or exogenous origin, including those produced from the microbiome. An exciting new aspect of their activity is their localization in the brain and their potential to modulate the action of the immune system. AhR is emerging as an essential toxicological and therapeutic target for neuromodulation. Further studies are needed for elucidating their utility as drug-targets. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society dioxin indoles toxicology neuroprotection Aryl hydrocarbon receptors as potential therapeutic targets Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56511 2020-11-06 pharmacia

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam author Tran, Van De https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-5079 Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Dorofeeva, Valeria V. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Loskutova, Ekaterina E. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Lagutkina, Tatyana P. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Kosova, Irina V. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Gribkova, Elena I. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Galkina, Galina A. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Pak, Tatiana V. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia author Ibragimova, Alfia N. Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam author Le, Minh Hoang Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam author Cao, Thi Tai Nguyen 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 303 309 2020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56511 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56511/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56511/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56511/download/xml/ Introduction: The purpose of this study was to understand elderly consumers’ satisfaction on the community pharmacy services in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Materials and methods: A sample of 32 consumers, aged over 60, was recruited in four pharmacies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from December, 2017 to January, 2018. Q-methodology was used to identify the patterns of consumers’ satisfaction. Results: Two distinct patterns of elderly consumers’ viewpoints toward the community pharmacy services were identified. Elderly consumers in viewpoint 1 were satisfied with the geographic accessibility of community pharmacies. Elderly consumers in viewpoint 2 were satisfied with the affordability of medicines. However, consumers of both viewpoints expressed dissatisfaction with the pharmacy staff counseling on missed doses, storage, side effects, and interactions of medicines. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that pharmacy staff need to spend more time for consultations on proper medication use with elderly consumers. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society community pharmacy elderly consumer Q-methodology satisfaction Vietnam Elderly consumers’ satisfaction with the quality of community pharmacy services in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a Q-methodology study Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112 2020-11-26 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Voynova, Maria Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Shkondrov, Aleksandar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-6058 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krasteva, Ilina 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 317 323 2020 Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph on its section Lepidella. Persoonia. C Bas author 1969 text Rijksherbarium, Leiden 1969 5 4 285 579 10.3109/15563659208994442 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990315)38:6%3C795::AID-ANIE795%3E3.0.CO;2-7 10.1016/0028-3908(77)90063-6 Amanita muscaria: Present understanding of its chemistry. P Catalfomo author 1970 text Bulletin on Narcotics 1970 22 4 33 41 10.1038/npp.2009.203 10.1016/0031-9422(74)80096-8 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.049 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01720.2001 10.1007/BF00411168 10.1007/BF00966163 10.1007/s00572-011-0388-9 Isolation, structure and synthesis of central active compounds from Amanita muscaria (L. ex Fr.) Hooker. CH Eugster author D Efron author 1979 text Public Health Service Publication Number 1979 1645 416 419 10.1002/hlca.19670500119 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)90133-3 Iconografia de macromicetos de Mexico. I. Amanita. E Perez-Silva author 1991 text 1991 1991 20 23 10.1080/02791072.2010.10400712 2012 2012 Food and Drug Administration (2012) Bad Bug Book, Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins. Second edn. Mushroom toxins: 218 pp. https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/bad-bug-book-second-edition 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)90156-4 10.1016/0006-8993(86)90611-6 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.029 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00072 10.1016/B978-008045046-9.00868-8 10.1002/rmb2.12061 10.1248/bpb.17.1460 10.1007/BF00402378 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.009 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60722-9 10.1007/s00414-011-0599-9 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2597 10.1155/NP.2000.19 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01324-3 SM Jerrold author 2005 2005 10.1017/S0953756203007305 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb04052.x 10.1080/02791072.1976.10472005 Fate of muscimol in the mouse. J Ott author 1975 text Phvsioloyical Chemistry and Physics 1975 7 4 381 384 10.31482/mmsl.2017.020 CH Persoon author 1801 1801 10.1186/2193-1801-4-S1-P36 10.1007/s12231-009-9080-9 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.061 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.01.005 10.1002/ana.410040316 10.1038/273392a0 10.1016/0016-5085(88)90288-0 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31828741a5 10.1161/01.STR.20.2.281 10.1515/znc-2007-11-1201 10.1248/yakushi1947.84.12_1186 10.1002/ijc.2910520616 Amanita distribution in the Americas with comparison to eastern and southern Asia and notes on spore character variation with latitude and ecology. R Tulloss author 2005 text Mycotaxon 2005 93 189 231 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2016 P Waser author 1979 1979 10.2478/fobio-2014-0014 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56112/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56112/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56112/download/xml/ Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric, is a basidiomycete. Its main psychoactive constituents are ibotenic acid and muscimol, both involved in ‘pantherina-muscaria’ poisoning syndrome. The rising pharmacological and toxicological interest based on lots of contradictive opinions concerning the use of Amanita muscaria extracts’ neuroprotective role against some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and other socially significant health conditions gave the basis for this review. Facts about Amanita muscaria’s morphology, chemical content, toxicological and pharmacological characteristics and usage from ancient times to present-day’s opportunities in modern medicine are presented. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Amanita muscaria muscimol ibotenic acid Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35069 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Cherepyuk, Olena Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Oktysyuk, Yuriy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-2490 Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Bazalytska, Aleksandra Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine author Rozhko, Mykola 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 347 350 2020 10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0027 Indexes of dental caries in children of Ukraine, Russia and Belorussia over the period 1990–2010. ОV Denha author 2013 text Innovation of stomatology 2013 2 30 36 Complex assessment of dental health and physical development of children in the regions with polluted environment, Fluoride and Iodine deficiency. EV Bezvushko author 2010 text The environment and health 2010 1 45 47 EV Borovskyy author 2001 Biology of oral cavity. 2001 304 pp Modern aspects of donosologic diagnosis of dental caries. VV Hilyaseva author 2012 text Modern problems of science and education 2012 5 47 54 HD Ovruckyy author 1991 Immunology of dental caries. 1991 96 pp AY Atler author 2007 Immunologia. 2007 364 pp Microbial colonization of oral cavity and level of s-IgA inpeople with different intensity of caries. VV Chereda author 2012 text Ukrainian stomatological almanach 2012 4 19 21 10.1007/s13312-011-0113-y 10.4317/jced.54271 2013 2013 WHO [World Health Organization] (2013) Oral health surveys: basic methods – 5th edition. WHO, 135 pp. The level of s-IgA in oral liquid of children under 3 years old affected by caries. LО Chomenko author 2012 text News of stomatology 2012 1 108 109 Microflora of dental plaque in children according to intensity of caries. NI Smolyar author 2013 text Prophylactic and pediatric stomatology 2013 2 26 29 10.15574/SP.2015.68.132 Comparison of salivary IgA levels in caries free and caries active children. D Doifode author 2011 text International Journal of Clinical Dental Science 2011 2 1 10 14 10.15171/joddd.2015.022 10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.343 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35069 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35069/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35069/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/35069/download/xml/ Dental caries is the most prevalent pathological condition in the child population of Ukraine. Despite the achievements of medical science, dental caries in children remains one of the most actual problems nowadays. Epidemiological investigations conducted in different regions of Ukraine demonstrate that 62% of children have decay and in many parts of the country the statistic is even higher up to 96.5% when the intensity of carious damage fluctuates between 3.2 to 7.2 teeth. This article reflects the results of the study regarding correction of disordered oral immunity indexes by immune modulator “Esberitox” in children affected by different caries activity. We have confirmed the high efficiency of the recommended scheme of caries prophylaxis that is proved by positive dynamic of oral immunological indexes observed 24 month after the beginning of the research. There was a certain rise of lysozyme by about 21.1% and s-IgA has increased by 28% in children from prophylactic groups in comparison with control groups. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society children dental caries lysozyme oral liquid secretory immunoglobulin A Correction of disordered oral immunity in children affected by dental caries with herbal immune modulator “Esberitox” Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e47528 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Popova, Teodora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-6740 Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Voycheva, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-4898 Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Tzankov, Borislav 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 351 356 2020 10.1021/ja062286z 10.1080/10717540490265252 10.1021/cm0485658 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.060 10.1021/cm0210041 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.055 10.1038/359710a0 10.1016/j.cej.2007.07.078 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.12.004 10.1021/ja038250d 10.1021/ar600032u 10.1021/nl048774r 10.1021/cm0011559 10.1021/cm051198v 10.1016/j.ces.2005.08.021 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990115)38:1/2%3C56::AID-ANIE56%3E3.0.CO;2-E 10.1126/science.279.5350.548 10.1021/ja974025i 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e47528 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47528/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47528/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/47528/download/xml/ The present study explored solvent impregnation drug loading process of the poorly soluble non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin on MCM-41 type mesoporous silica carrier. Different technological factors that can influence drug-loading process as time of reaction, temperature, use of non-solvent as well as different ratios between drug and MCM-41 were studied. TEM and DLS were used to characterize physicochemical properties of obtained particles. The influence of drug-loading rate on dissolution process were studied using in-vitro release tests. Our results established that changes in explored technological factors could lead to different indomethacin loading. Moreover, the in-vitro release tests proved that drug loading rate had a direct influence on indomethacin release from MCM-41 particles. Our finding suggested that by tuning the main technological factors it would be possible different drug delivery systems with different drug loading rate to be obtained. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society drug loading indomethacin MCM-41 technological factors Study on the influence of technological factors on drug loading of poorly water-soluble drug on MCM-41 mesoporous carrier Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54170 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Budniak, Liliia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-1344 Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Vasenda, Marjana Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Marchyshyn, Svitlana Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Kurylo, Khrystyna 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 373 378 2020 In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activity and phytochemical studies of Primula denticulata – an important medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya. K Aslam author 2015 text International Journal of pharmacology research 2015 5 3 49 56 10.7439/ijasr.v1i2.1792 10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss2pp74 Statistical approaches in analysis of variance: from random arrangements to latin square experimental design. SD Bolboaca author 2009 text Leonardo Journal of Sciences 2009 15 71 82 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.018 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i6.35282 10.3389/fphar.2013.00177 L Gao author 2005 2005 TA Hroshovyi author 2008 2008 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0371:EOTEOA]2.0.CO;2 Influence of phytocompositions on dynamics of changes in basal glycemia and glycemia in oral glucose tolerance test in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus type 2. Kh Kurylo author 2020 text Georgian medical news 2020 3 300 112 116 10.7717/peerj.2101 Investigation of phenolic compounds about ground organs of cultivated species genus Primula L. SM Marchyshyn author 2016 text The Pharma Innovation 2016 5 10 38 42 Bioflavonoids classification, pharmacological, biochemical effects and therapeutic potential. KR Narayana author 2001 text Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2001 33 2 16 2013 2013 NIST/SEMATECH (2013) NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods [Internet] Engineering Statistics Handbook. [updated 2019 Nov 7; cited 2019 Nov 7]. http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/ CK Ong author 2005 WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. 2005 120 pp 10.1038/srep24432 Improvement of the methods of extraction of plant raw materials. VG Popov author 2017 text International Journal of Engineering Research 2017 12 15 5411 5419 C Rozycki author 2003 2003 H Rushing author 2013 Design and Analysis of Experiments by Douglas Montgomery: A Supplement for Using JMP. 2013 277 pp Medicinal plants: Future source of new drugs. AK Shakya author 2016 text International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2016 4 4 59 64 Biological screening of plants extract showing hypoglycaemic and wound healing properties: Capparis zeylanica and Primula denticulata. S Singh author 2014a text American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics 2014a 12 2 1338 1345 10.3109/13880209.2013.869759 10.24959/ubphj.18.157 Comparative evaluation of the hepatoprotective, antioxidant and choleretic activity of flavonoid drugs. N Skakun author 1988 text Vrachebnoe Delo 1988 12 52 54 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i5.33909 10.31688/ABMU.2018.53.4.06 2015 2015 The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine [in 3 vol.] (2015) State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific Expert Pharmacopoeial Center of the Quality of Medicines” (2nd iss.). Kharkiv: State Enterprise “Ukrainian Scientific and Experimental Pharmacopoeial Center for the Quality of Medicinal Products”, 1128 pp. 10.1021/jf0347160 Research of technological factors on the extraction process of bas from walnut membranes. M Vasenda author 2018 text Science and Innovation 2018 1 80 87 10.1016/j.fshw.2012.12.001 10.1177/1934578X0900400310 10.15587/2313-8416.2015.57434 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e54170 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54170/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54170/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54170/download/xml/ Herbal medicines are widely used in the complex treatment of various diseases. Therefore, theoretical and practical interest is the in-depth study of drumstick primrose (Primula denticulata Smith). The study aimed to determine the optimal extraction mode of flavonoids and reducing compounds of drumstick primrose leaves. The concentration of ethanol, the ratio of raw materials and extractant, and extraction method were studied by dispersion analysis. This allowed reducing the number of experiments from 64 to 16. To obtain the alcohol extract of drumstick primrose leaves with the highest content of reducing compounds and flavonoids, found that maceration is the optimal method of extraction, the ratio of raw materials to extractant should be 1 to 5 and 40% ethanol is the most appropriate extractant. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Primula denticulata Smith dispersion analysis flavonoids reducing compounds Determination of the optimum extraction regime of reducing compounds and flavonoids of Primula denticulata Smith leaves by a dispersion analysis Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52262 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Pankevych, Ostap https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-8689 Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Hromovyk, Bohdan Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine author Horilyk, Artem Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine author Bilushchak, Halyna 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 379 382 2020 2020 2020 EAHP [European Association of Hospital Pharmacists] (2020) European Association of Hospital Pharmacists Official website. https://www.eahp.eu/about-us/who-we-are Developing a Structure of Good Pharmacy Practice Standards. LO Hala author 2014 text Zaporizhzhya medical journal 2014 1 87 90 10.1093/ajhp/45.5.1071 Institutional dimension of international pharmaceutical self-regulation. BP Hromovyk author 2017 text Pharmaceutical Review 2017 1 41 45 54 Situational analysis of self-regulation of pharmaceutical activity in Ukraine. BP Hromovyk author 2018 text Science and Innovation 2018 2 5 8 2020 2020 IPF [International Pharmaceutical Federation] (2020) International Pharmaceutical Federation Official website. https://www.fip.org/about 10.1080/14737167.2020.1751612 Prospects for development of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in the conditions of intensification of European integration processes of. LL Litvinenko author 2015 text Problems of Improving the Efficiency of Infrastructure 2015 40 51 56 2020 2020 Marketing-Helping (2020) Sample, its size and structure. http://marketing-helping.com/konspekti-lekcz/25-kurs-marketinga/493-2011-01-19-19-44-00.html [In Ukrainian] 10.12968/bjcn.2003.8.12.11854 VM Nazarkina author 2015 2015 Structuring factors influencing the formation of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Self-Regulation in Ukraine. OB Pankevych author IP Klimov author 2017 text Karlovy Vary, Skleněný Můstek 2017 205 212 OB Pankevych author 2019 Strategy for the development of the pharmaceutical self-regulatory institute in Ukraine: scientific and methodological recommendations. 2019 24 pp 2020 2020 PGEU [Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union] (2020) Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union. Vision and Mission. https://www.pgeu.eu/vision-and-mission/ 2020 2020 Practical pharmacy (2020) Practical pharmacy. [Facebook professional society URL:] https://www.facebook.com/groups/303252657278677/permalink/525329025071038/ VYe Savka author 2008 2008 Identifying the priority areas for improving of state and public regulation in pharmacy. ІV Susharina author 2017a text Pharmaceutical Review 2017a 1 38 43 10.32352/0367-3057.1.17.02 The role of public organizations and business entities in the self-regulation of pharmacy practice in Ukraine. LM Unhurian author 2014 text Vestnik of the South Kazakhstan State Pharmaceutical Academy 2014 2 19 25 10.1016/0144-8188(91)90017-8 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52262 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52262/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52262/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52262/download/xml/ The aim of our study was to investigate the views of pharmacists on understanding the nature and necessity of implementing the self-regulation of pharmaceutical practice in Ukraine. We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among pharmaceutical specialists (n = 827) from the majority (16 out of 25) of the regions controlled by the Ukrainian government during the period from October till December 2018. This survey revealed lack of pharmacists’ understanding the concept of self-regulation of pharmaceutical practice. On the one hand, most respondents do not oppose the implementing of self-regulation and don’t reject exclusive membership in self-regulated pharmaceutical organizations for only pharmaceutical specialists, but on the other hand the survey showed a low willingness voluntarily to become a member of such organizations and also low level of knowledge of self-regulation process. This indicates the need to update the self-regulation process through providing training activities for pharmacists, the development of legal framework and the government’s assistance of self-regulation of pharmaceutical practice. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Self-regulation pharmaceutical activities pharmaceutical practice pharmaceutical societies public organizations Ukraine The study of pharmaceutical specialists’ thoughts concerning self-regulation of pharmaceutical activity in Ukraine Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e58392 2020-11-27 pharmacia

UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Okechukwu, Patrick UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Sharma, Mridula UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Tan, Wei Hui UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Chan, Hor Kuan UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Chirara, Kavita UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Gaurav, Anand UCSI Universit, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia author Al-Nema, Mayasah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-5125 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 363 371 2020 10.4103/0975-1483.59320 10.3923/rjmp.2018.48.56 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.01.018 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023 10.3390/ijms19102883 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.850 10.1155/2018/2164345 10.3390/molecules23081998 10.1210/jcem.97.1.zeg27a 10.1177/2040622319875305 10.1021/jf0489926 10.2174/1381612821666150710145753 M Pandithurai author 2015 2015 10.1155/2019/2161085 10.2337/db11-1825 10.1002/cbdv.201800025 10.1088/1757-899X/716/1/012007 10.4103/0253-7613.161270 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170619 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00810 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.11.003 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e58392 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58392/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58392/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/58392/download/xml/ Palmatine a protoberberine alkaloid has been previously reported to possess in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant property. The aim of the experiment is to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity and in-silico studies of the binding energies of Palmatine, acarbose, and Sitagliptin with the three enzymes of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The in vitro antidiabetic study was done by evaluating the inhibitory effect of palmatine on the activities of alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV. Acarbose, and sitagliptin was used as standard drug. The molecular docking study was performed to study the binding interactions of palmatine with alpha-glucosidase, a-amylase, and DPP-IV. The binding interactions were compared with the standard compounds Sitagliptin and acarbose. Palmatine with IC50 (1.31 ± 0.27 µM) showed significant difference of (< 0.0001) higher inhibiting effect on alpha-amylase and weak inhibiting effect on alpha-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 (9.39 ± 0.27 µM) and DPP-IV with IC50 (8.7 ± 1.82 µM). Palmatine possess inhibition effect on the three enzymes. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Alpha-glucosidase alpha-amylase dipeptidyl peptidase-IV diabetes mellitus palmatine In-vitro anti-diabetic activity and in-silico studies of binding energies of palmatine with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51334 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Kozuharova, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-9660 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Benbassat, Niko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-2728 Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria author Ionkova, Iliana 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 357 362 2020 10.1021/jf0210728 10.1021/bk-1989-0387.ch002 Insecticidal properties of the indigobush (Amorpha fruticosa). CH Brett author 1946 text Journal of agricultural research 1946 73 3 81 96 2019 2019 CABI (2019) Amorphafruticosa [original text by D. Iamonico] – Invasive Species Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford. http://www.cabi.org/isc Separation and identification of pesticide components of Amorpha fruticosa. YP Cao author 2004 text Chemical Research and Application 2004 16 5 719 720 Allelopathic effects of invasive woody plant species in Hungary. Á Csiszár author 2009 text Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 2009 5 9 17 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3380 10.1093/ee/8.6.1123 10.1073/pnas.0803601105 Local anaesthetic activity of β-caryophyllene. C Ghelardini author 2001 text Il Farmaco 2001 56 5–7 387 389 10.1016/S0014-827X(01)01092-8 Seasonal variation of the fruit essential oil of Amorpha fruticosa L. EV Georgiev author 2000 text Herba Polonica 2000 46 4 220 225 10.1016/B978-012370467-2/50139-5 The phytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Amorpha fruticosa L. leaves extract. MV Hovanet author 2015 text Romanian Biotechnological Letters 2015 20 4 10670 10678 Essential oils from Amorpha fruticosa L. fruits-chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii” Al. I. B Ivanescu author 2014 text Cuza” din Iasi 2014 60 1 33 33 Synergistic bio-pesticide combination of pyrethrins and rotenoids for the control of the cockroach Americana periplaneta. DK Kariuki author 2014 text International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences 2014 2 3 43 48 10.1021/jf00019a026 10.1021/np50096a006 10.3389/fphar.2017.00333 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.05.002 10.1080/10412905.2001.9712227 Essential oil of Amorpha fruticosa L. A Lis author 2001 text Journal of Essential Oil Research 2001 13 5 340 342 A Martinović author 2018 2018 10.3390/ijms160819713 A Monaco author 2014 European Guidelines on Protected Areas and Invasive Alien Species. 2014 60 pp 10.1093/jaoac/62.4.774 M Pavićević author 2013 2013 A Petrova author 2012 2012 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.052 IA Shroeter author 1986 1986 10.1080/10575630290033114 2019 2019 USDA [Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System] (2019) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN – Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?2937 [Accessed 17 August 2019] 2009 2009 USDA, NRCS (2009) The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge. http://plants.usda.gov [24 June 2009] A revision of the North American genus Amorpha (Leguminosae–Psoraleae). RL Wilbur author 1975 text Rhodora 1975 77 811 337 409 Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil of Encelia farinosa growing in the Sonoran Desert. C Wright author 2013 text American Journal of Essential Oil and Natural Products 2013 1 18 22 D Zahariev author 2014 2014 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e51334 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51334/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51334/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/51334/download/xml/ The high tolerance of various habitat conditions and potent propagation ability of Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) promote its aggressive invasive behaviour. The aim of this study is to evaluate 1) several populations of this plant by the potential yield of the fruit, 2) the approximate yield of the essential oils, and 3) composition of the essential oil. The potential yield of fruit is evaluated based on extrapolations of weight and number of fruits per infrutescence, number of infrutescences per plant and number of individuals per population. Steam extraction of the essential oil was performed and GS/MS analysis of the composition of the essential oil. The populations on our key plots are big enough for harvesting with fruit/infrutescence 152 ±15 (n = 20) and infrutescences/shrub 436 ±157 (n = 20). The yield is 0.83 ml/100g. We identified 22 components with major constituents caryophyllene (17.64%) α-guaiene (14.70%), naphthalene (6.75%), γ-muurolene + (5.98%). text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Amorpha fruticosa chemical composition essential oil yield The invasive alien species Amorpha fruticosa in Bulgaria and its potential as economically prospective source of valuable essential oil Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57242 2020-11-27 pharmacia

University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Dedic, Mirza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-7516 University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Gutic, Sanjin University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Gicevic, Armina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-043X University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Becic, Ervina University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Imamovic, Belma University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Markovic, Damir University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Ziga-Smajic, Nermina 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 339 345 2020 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b01590 10.1039/c3ta12212c Structural and mechanical properties of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites. P Garg author 2016 text Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 2016 7 5 1461 1473 10.3390/nano4020267 S Gutić author 2016 2016 10.20964/2016.10.47 10.3390/nano9030313 10.1038/srep31920 10.1021/la203607w 10.1155/2013/150536 10.3390/ijms18112333 10.1039/C4RA13724H 10.1039/C7RA11964J 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57242 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57242/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57242/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57242/download/xml/ This paper shows the use of membrane filters in adsorption of solution of tetracycline hydrochloride on graphene materials. The adsorption process was monitored at different wavelengths, different pH values at certain time intervals. The absorbances of the solutions were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at two wavelengths (275 nm and 356 nm), and three pH values (pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10) every 90 minutes for 6 hours of monitoring, with constant stirring in an ultrasonic bath. The results showed decrease in absorbance at both wavelength and in all three pH values which proved the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on GO and rGO. The largest decrease in absorbance was 98.1%. The most suitable pH value for adsorption was pH 4. This paper used a unique approach to filtration through membrane filters, which in the future could lead to the development of membrane filters based on graphene materials. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society spectrophotometry antibiotics purifiers nanomaterial Application of membrane filters in determination of the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on graphene oxide Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e53842 2020-11-27 pharmacia

National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria author Marinov, Radoslav Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Markova, Nadezhda National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria author Krumova, Stefka Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria author Yotovska, Kamelia The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria author Zaharieva, Maya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-5649 National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria author Genova-Kalou, Petia 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 325 337 2020 10.1002/1099-1573(200012)14:8%3C604::AID-PTR678%3E3.0.CO;2-L Synergism between the compound dichloroflavan and chalcone against poliovirus in vitro. A Ahmad author 2012 text Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 2012 6 1 26 31 10.21123/bsj.5.3.391-394 10.2174/187152611797636640 10.1002/ptr.6024 10.1126/science.1085658 10.1056/NEJMsr1408795 10.1002/14651858.CD006495.pub5 10.2174/157488410790410579 10.1007/s13346-019-00691-6 10.1002/jmv.25688 10.3390/catal9120983 10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01678-9 10.1039/c3np20106f 10.3390/molecules200813563 Synthesis and Medicinal Significance of Chalcones – a review. B Chavan author 2016 text Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016 6 1 7 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.019 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01342-1 10.1002/cber.188101402192 DN Dhar author 1981 The Chemistry of Chalcones and Related Compounds. 1981 285 pp 10.3390/molecules15107313 10.24870/cjb.2017-a264 10.2174/1389200219666180129145252 Bioactivities of chalcones. J Dimmock author 1999 text Current Medicinal Chemistry 1999 6 1125 1149 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.03.013 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00076-4 10.1038/nsmb1073 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1 10.1038/nri1154 10.3390/molecules25020309 10.3389/fpls.2015.00799 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.012 10.2183/pjab.93.027 10.1016/j.chom.2009.09.005 10.1007/s11164-017-2977-5 10.4161/hv.8.1.17622 10.1074/jbc.M111.308916 10.1016/S0065-7743(06)41011-3 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69158-7 10.1101/gad.887201 10.2174/0929867053363153 10.3906/kim-1510-25 Synthesis and utility of naphthalen-benzofuran chalcone in the synthesis of new pyrazole, isooxazole, thiazole, pyrimidine, pyran, pyridine and different azide derivatives with antiviral and antitumor activity. R Gouhar author 2018 text Der Pharma Chemica 2018 10 3 42 54 10.1039/C9RA05349B 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000557 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61687-0 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83425-K 10.1002/ptr.972 10.1128/JVI.78.24.13600-13612.2004 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.017 10.1038/nrd4510 10.1093/infdis/jiq012 10.1093/molbev/msn238 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 10.1016/S1357-4310(99)01622-6 10.1093/ve/vew014 10.1128/AAC.22.4.617 10.1248/bpb.22.323 10.1111/cbdd.13604 10.1248/bpb.27.366 10.4172/2168-9652.1000220 10.2174/1574892809666140819153902 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.075 10.2174/13895575113136660101 10.1007/s11101-007-9077-x 10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.012 10.1128/AAC.03977-14 10.1002/jmv.25678 10.1016/S0031-9422(95)00522-6 10.1155/2005/461302 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.034 10.1517/13543776.2014.995627 10.4103/jpnr.JPNR_2_18 10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00328-6 RT Morrison author 2004 2004 10.1007/s10156-012-0378-7 10.2174/138955708785909943 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.016 10.1021/np068054v 10.1517/13543776.14.12.1669 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90296-4 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.003 10.1080/07060669709500541 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00263-6 10.1071/CH9800737 10.3109/14756366.2014.1003215 10.1074/jbc.M110.112045 10.1128/AAC.00615-10 10.4172/jaa.1000139 10.2174/1568012033482971 10.3389/fpls.2015.00573 10.1021/np50063a025 Synthesis and cytotoxic, anti-oxydant activities of new chalcone derivatives. M Rayees Ahmed author 2011 text Rasayan Journal Of Chemistry 2011 4 2 289 294 10.1001/jama.287.4.464 10.1002/med.20176 10.1099/jgv.0.000009 10.2174/092986712803414132 10.2217/fmb.12.68 Orthomyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication. ML Shaw author DM Knipe author 2013 text Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2013 1648 1698 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.006 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.033 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.009 10.1248/bpb.17.251 10.3390/molecules24244468 10.1007/s10096-004-1175-8 10.1042/CS20080631 10.1039/C9RA00618D S Tewtrakul author 2003 2003 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.175 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00186-9 HAART is cost-effective and improves outcomes. WM Valenti author 2001 text AIDS Reader 2001 11 260 262 10.1517/14712598.2012.646986 EK Wagner author 1999 1999 10.1016/S0166-3542(04)00201-3 10.2147/IJN.S92162 10.1586/eri.09.34 10.3390/molecules171112771 10.1098/rstb.2011.0354 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00197-5 10.1248/bpb.23.1072 10.1016/S0167-4838(01)00276-X 10.4172/2161-0444.1000291 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.042 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00020 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e53842 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53842/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53842/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53842/download/xml/ Chalcones (natural or synthetic derivatives) are aromatic ketones possessing a central backbone that form a core for variety important compounds with different substitutions. Recent scientific advances show that chalcones exhibit different bio-medical activities, including antiviral, which is related to the variety substitutions. This review provides general information on the origin, sources, virucidal and direct antiviral properties of chalcones in vitro, as well as a brief overview of the possible application and molecular modes of action of these compounds. The antiviral effect of chalcones probably results from the disruption of the different stage of viral replication cycle, inhibition of viral or cell enzymes, induction of apoptosis and others. Structural requirements for antiviral activities vary according to the mechanisms of action. Based on the published information, it could be considered that synthetic chalcones are very perspective antiviral candidates and deserve further studies for elucidating of their pharmacological potential. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society antiviral effect chalcones in vitro synthetic derivatives Antiviral properties of chalcones and their synthetic derivatives: a mini review Review Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57981 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Sharmin, Suriya Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Sohrab, Md. Hossain Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Moni, Fatema Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Afroz, Farhana Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Rony, Satyajit Roy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-2904 Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh author Akhter, Shammi 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 383 391 2020 10.5958/2393-9087.2016.00031.5 A nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug: aceclofenac. SA Arslan author 2010 text FABAD Journal of Pharmceutical Sciences 2010 35 2 105 118 Validation of UV-Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for the simultaneous analysis of paracetamol and aceclofenac in marketed tablets. SM Ashraful Islam author 2011 text International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 2011 2 12 1267 1275 Stability indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of drotaverine and aceclofenac. S Azhlwar author 2011 text International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011 3 1 245 250 Method development and validation of stability indicating method for assay of diacerein and aceclofenac by HPLC. MA Badgujar author 2011 text Asian Journal of Chemistry 2011 23 12 5531 5534 10.3329/icpj.v3i7.19078 10.1155/2018/7463914 10.1093/chromsci/46.5.440 10.22270/ajprd.v6i2.365 10.4103/2229-4708.72233 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000366 10.3797/scipharm.1108-04 A new RP-HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of aceclofenac in bulk & its tablets. PM Chatrabhuji author 2015 text Analytical Chemistry: An Indian Journal 2015 15 2 49 53 Simultaneous estimation of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac in pharmaceutical dosage form by spectrophotometric and LC method. SS Chitlange author 2010 text Der Pharmacia Lettre 2010 2 2 86 93 Development and validation of a RP-HPLC-PDA method for simultaneous estimation of drotaverine and aceclofenac in a combined dosage form. V Choudhari author 2010 text International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010 1 253 258 Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC-PDA method for simultaneous analysis of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac in pharmaceutical dosage form. VP Choudhari author 2011 text Journal of Pharmacy Research 2011 4 6 1820 1823 10.1081/DDC-120003453 Method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride and aceclofenac in tablet dosage form by RP-HPLC. S Gandhi author 2010 text International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 2010 4 3 49 52 Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC method for determination of diacerein and aceclofenac as bulk drug and in tablet dosage form. SP Gandhi author 2011 text International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 2011 1 4 799 806 10.5958/2231-5659.2015.00021.1 10.1155/2014/643027 Simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac and paracetamol in solid dosage form by RP-HPLC Method. D Gharge author 2010 text International Journal of ChemTech Research 2010 2 942 946 Reverse phase HPLC method for determination of aceclofenac and paracetamol in tablet dosage form. VP Godse author 2009 text Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 2009 2 1 37 40 10.1080/10826076.2017.1381849 10.1016/S0014-827X(02)01271-5 The ICH guidance in practice: Stress degradation studies on aceclofenac and development of a validated stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC assay in tablet dosage form. MF Hossain author 2013 text Der Pharma Chemica 2013 5 4 131 146 Development and validation of new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five different drug substance in drug product using sub two microncolumn. S Jadhav author 2016 text World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2016 5 12 1029 1035 10.1365/s10337-008-0797-x Development and validation of RP-HPLC-DAD method for estimation of aceclofenac and rabeprazole sodium in bulk and combined dosage form. RN Jinde author 2013 text Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2013 6 2 162 165 10.1080/00032710802515086 10.1365/s10337-008-0829-6 RP-LC gradient elution method for simultaneous determination of thiocolchicoside, aceclofenac and related impurities in tablet formulation. PA Karbhari author 2014 text Journal of Pharmacy & BioAllied Sciences 2014 6 246 252 Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of pregabalin and aceclofenac in tablet formulation (Acenac-N). SG Khanage author 2014 text Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014 3 2 184 192 Reversed-phase HPLC determination of aceclofenac in bulk powder and its pharmaceutical tablets. AC Kumar author 2008 text Asian Journal of Chemistry 2008 20 1 811 813 Validated RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac and diacerein in bulk and formulation. RS Kumar author 2010 text International Journal of PharmTech Research 2010 2 1 940 944 A validated reversed phase HPLC-method for the determination of aceclofenac and tizanidine in tablets. RS Kumar author 2010 text Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care 2010 2 1 84 94 10.4103/0250-474X.26672 Development and implication of methodology for aceclofenac in pure and pharmaceutical formulations by microwave assisted spectrophotometry. A Mumtaz author 2013 text Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013 26 1 169 173 10.15436/2377-1313.14.001 10.4172/2471-2698.1000122 A simple liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of aceclofenac, methyl salicylate, and benzyl alcohol in pharmaceuticals. APG Nikalje author 2018 text Journal of Pharmacy Research 2018 12 3 283 287 Development and validation of a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of diacerein and aceclofenac in pharmaceutical dosage form. NK Nyola author 2012 text Research and Reviews: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2012 1 1 1 8 10.29161/PT.v7.i2.2019.55 10.1155/2013/242868 Standardization an a RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Aceclofenac in dosage form. K Paul author 2011 text International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 2011 1 4 853 859 10.1155/2009/139484 Method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride and aceclofenac in bulk and formulation by RP-HPLC. P Pinnamaneni author 2015 text World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015 4 1351 1358 Analytical method development and validation of simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, aceclofenac and serratiopeptidase by RP-HPLC. B Podili author 2017 text International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2017 2 3 69 74 Development and validation of a novel stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Aceclofenac and Misoprostol in bulk and from their combined dosage form. KE Pravallika author 2016 text Der Pharm Lettre 2016 8 19 92 99 10.13005/ojc/330334 Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, aceclofenac sodium and chlorzoxazone in combined dosage form. P Ravisankar author 2013 text World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013 3 1 667 681 10.7897/2230-8407.04635 Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of Aceclofenac in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. P Ravisankar author 2013 text International Journal of Research IN Pharmacy and Chemistry 2013 3 483 494 Advance simultaneous determination of paracetamol, thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac in tablets by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. RV Rele author 2014 text Der Pharmacia Sinica 2014 5 1 34 39 10.1055/s-0033-1361128 Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of diacerein and aceclofenac in dosage form. V Sekar author 2010 text International Journal of ChemTech Research 2010 2 1 168 171 Simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and aceclofenac in combined dosage forms by RP-HPLC method. PS Selvan author 2007 text Asian Journal of Chemistry 2007 19 2 1004 1010 Validated spectroscopic method for estimation of aceclofenac from tablet formulation. R Shah author 2008 text Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2008 1 4 430 432 10.1093/chromsci/46.7.649 10.1186/2228-5547-3-3 Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, aceclofenac and tramadol in combined tablet dosage form in presence of its degradation products. G Sharma author 2012 text Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 2012 5 7 854 858 A validated reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac drug substance and its related traces impurities in the solid dosage form. OD Sherikar author 2011 text International Journal of ChemTech Research 2011 3 2 547 554 HPLC Method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, aceclofenac and tizanidine hydrochloride. V Somasekhar author 2011 text Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 2011 23 4 1651 1654 Development of validated RP-HPLC method for bosentan in formulation and its application to in vitro interaction study with aceclofenac. A Suganthi author 2014 text World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2014 3 2897 2909 Stability indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of diacerein and aceclofenac. A Suganthi author 2010 text Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2010 3 2 600 603 10.1155/2010/323410 Validation of UV spectroscopic method of analysis for assay and dissolution of aceclofenac tablet. KR Valambhia author 2013 text World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013 2 5 3977 3983 2005 2005 Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2 (R1) (2005) International conference on harmonization, Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/Step4/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdf Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac and paracetamol in solid dosage form by using RP–HPLC. B Ventrapragada author 2014 text International Journal of Biopharm 2014 5 2 109 118 10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00518-0 Determination of aceclofenac by GC. WA Zeng-ri author 2010 text Qilu Pharmaceutical Affairs 2010 8 468 470 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57981 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57981/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57981/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57981/download/xml/ A reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for estimation of Aceclofenac in bulk drug and tablet dosage form was developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions to achieve the highest performance parameters using octylsilyl column with guard filter were optimized. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase containing 10 mM Phosphate Buffer, pH 2.1 and methanol (30:70% v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 272 nm. The method was shown to be linear in 19.8–148.5 μg/mL concentration range (regression coefficient of 0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.0692 μg/mL and 0.2076 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the method was assessed by adding fixed amount of pre-analyzed sample to different standard solutions (80%, 100%, and 120% of the tested concentration) in triplicate. The percentage mean recoveries were 97.91% to 100.39% with %RSD values of 0.64–0.79. The method was found to be precise with %RSD value of 1.13 and 1.60 for intraday and interday precision study, respectively. The method specificity and robustness were also established. New and sensitive HPLC method for estimation of Aceclofenac has been developed, in respect to the reviewed analytical methods. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Aceclofenac Octylsilyl column 10 mM Phosphate Buffer Method validation Robustness Simple RP-HPLC method for Aceclofenac quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical tablets Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e59319 2020-11-27 pharmacia

Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan author Al-Nadaf, Afaf Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan author Awadallah, Areeg 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 397 403 2020 10.4103/0973-1296.203975 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00283-6 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00215-4 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.001 10.1080/01947640152750955 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102255 10.1177/1359105307082447 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01252.x 10.3389/fphar.2020.00046 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.08.003 10.4103/0253-7613.33432 10.3122/jabfm.19.6.566 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.8 10.1592/phco.20.1.83.34658 10.3389/fphar.2013.00177 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.03.006 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04350.x 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.012 10.4172/2327-5162.1000130 J Swerdlow author 2000 2000 2003 2003 WHO (2003) Traditional medicine. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs134/en/ [16 Nov 2016] 2005 2005 WHO (2005) WHO global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. In: Ong CK, Bodeker G, Grundy C, Burford G, Shein K (Eds) Map Volume. Geneva, World Health Organization. A pilot study to assess students’ perceptions, familiarity, and knowledge in the use of complementary and alternative herbal supplements in health promotion. C Zimmerman author 2012 text Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2012 18 5 28 33 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e59319 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/59319/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/59319/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/59319/download/xml/ Background: Conventional medication; traditional or folk medicine as well as herbal medicines; have been widely used since ancient times. In Jordan traditional medicines are freely available and self-prescribed as well. No previous study has investigated believes and knowledge with regards to herb-drug interaction in Mutah geographical in Jordan. Objectives: This study aims to investigate and evaluate knowledge and attitude about self-medication using herbal medicine and its drug interaction among the public in Mutah. Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based survey conducted. Survey took place in different locations in the Mutah region in Al-Karak city from Jordan, during December 2017 and January 2018. Data analyzed by SPSS. Results: The majority of responders (82%) use self-prepared herbal preparation. While (56%) go for self-medication rather than visiting a physician. About (63%) participants responded that physicians didn’t ask them about if they use any herbal medication and about (50%) not willing to tell their physician about their self-medication. Knowledge about herbs gained from the family in the first place (38%); TV (21%) and friends (15%). Almost (79%) responders agree that herbs are safer and easier to be used compared to physician-prescribed medicine. Conclusion: A high belief in herbal therapy use. Responders gain their knowledge primarily from their families which they obtain their knowledge primarily from their tradition. They are not aware of their interaction with other therapies. Care-givers in this region should be aware of the high percentage of herbal medicine use and are encouraged to discuss potential use with their patients to avoid future complications. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Awareness Attitude Herbal medicine Herb-Drug interaction Mutah. Evaluation for the level of knowledge about herbal medicine use within people and university students in Mutah region Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52568 2020-11-27 pharmacia

National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Rybalkin, Mykola National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Khokhlenkova, Natalia National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Azarenko, Julia National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Diadiun, Tetiana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-5443 National University of Pharmacy, Kharkov, Ukraine author Kovalenko, Svitlana 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 2020 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 67 393 396 2020 Combined use of antifungal agents and probiotics in combustiology for the treatment and prevention of candidiasis and irritable bowel syndrome. SK Borshch author 2011 text Modern Gastroenterology 2011 4 30 39 10.1038/nrmicro3156 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.02.001 10.1099/jmm.0.041665-0 Dissemination of candidiasis, general characteristics of the pathogen, features of laboratory diagnostics. OV Golubka author 2011 text Annals of Mechnikov Institute 2011 2 51 59 Candida albicans vaccines. A Grover author 2010 text Biotechnology International 2010 3 4 17 10.1007/s12272-012-1120-9 10.5402/2013/763628 10.1016/j.coi.2012.04.007 Determination of the optimal method of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis fungal cells disintegration. MV Rybalkin author 2014 text Topical issues in pharmaceutical and medical science and practice 2014 2 15 71 75 10.15587/2519-4852.2017.93905 Marketing research on the market of antifungal medicines. MV Rybalkin author 2017 text Proceedings of the PL Shupyk NMAPE scientific works 2017 28 108 115 10.4103/0976-237X.86454 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52568 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52568/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52568/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52568/download/xml/ Therapeutic effect of C. albicans proteins in concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml has been examined in white mice. Animals were infected i.p. with suspension of C. albicans strain CCM 335–867 in the amount of 20 million cells per 1 ml volume. After 5 days and repeatedly after 14 days mice were injected s.c. in the upper part of right hind paw with proteins of Candida cells of volume 0.2 ml. 14 days after each injection, the determination of the animal body protective functions has been carried out by the titer of specific antibodies during immunoassay. According to the data obtained, it has been found that in the s.c. administration, after the first and second injection with C. albicans protein of concentration 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml antibody titers increased 2 times, indicating that there is no stimulation of immune protection. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society antigen candidiasis dose immunity therapy vaccine Determination of Candida albicans proteins concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at subcutaneous introduction in candidiasis therapy Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53631 2021-01-07 pharmacia

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Peleshok, Kateryna Replek Farm Ltd., Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia author Piponski, Marjan I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Ajie, Elizabeth Adaeze I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Poliak, Olha I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Zarivna, Nadiya I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Denefil, Olha I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 43 51 2021 10.1093/jaoac/94.2.498 10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.013 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.026 2005 2005 Guideline Q2(R1) (2005) Validation of Analytical Procedure: methodology, International Conference on Harmonisation. http://www.ich.org UV-Spectrophotometric methods for estimation of valsartan in bulk and tablet dosage form. KR Gupta author 2010 text International Journal of ChemTechResearch 2010 2 985 989 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01247-5 10.1080/10826076.2017.1373672 10.1093/jaoac/93.3.882 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i4.24528 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i4.24528 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i1.22805 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i2.23195 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i4.24528 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i4.24528 10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.21616 Development of Methodology for Identification of Captopril in Medicines. L Liliya author 2016 text Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics 2016 10 3 168 171 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.32584 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.32420 Reversed phase HPLC analysis of valsartan in pharmaceutical dosage forms. VB Raju author 2011 text IjCEPr 2011 2 56 60 10.1002/bmc.1599 Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Losartan Potssium and Amlodipine Besylate in Tablet Dosage Form. RP Priyanka author 2009 text Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 2009 2 1 183 187 10.1365/s10337-009-0950-1 10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00360-6 Simultaneous quantification of gabapentin, sulfamethoxazole, terbutryn, terbuthylazine and diuron by uv-vis spectrophotometer. A Goswami author 2018 text Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 2018 8 3111 3117 10.33263/BRIAC95.305310 2003 2003 Q1A (R2) (2003) Feb ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Geneva. 1994 1994 Q2A (1994) Oct ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Geneva. 1996 1996 Q2B (1996) Nov ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Geneva. 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e53631 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53631/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53631/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/53631/download/xml/ Aim of this work was to develop the first simple, rapid, green, economical and selective HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of the cited drugs in their challenging binary mixture. The work was motivated by the global trends towards sustainable chemistry in designing eco-friendly mobile system without affecting the analysis parameters. The proposed method was subjected to a greenness profiles using some metrics as Eco-scale. Materials and methods. This was accomplished under the following chromatographic conditions: HPLC column Discovery C18 (4.6 mm i.d. × 150 mm, 5 μm), column temperature 30 °C, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, mobile phase composed of 20% acetonitrile, 80% of 0.16% ammonium acetate and 0.2% of 1.5 M tetramethylammonium hydroxide (V/V) and signal monitoring at a wavelength of 225 nm and 237 nm. Results. A conventional mixture of acetonitrile and 0.16% ammonium acetate was tried in different ratios, but the drugs were not well separated. The shortest aliphatic chain cationic ion pair reagent tetramethylammonium hydroxide should not be exchanged with other type similar with this, like tetramethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, it did not work to our experiments. Increasing salt concentration, ammonium acetate, more than 0.2%, pushes the peak of atenolol closer to dead volume, which is negative. Atenolol in their methods for multicomponent mixtures elutes in dead volume, or when retained longer, much stronger, hydrophobic mobile phase should be used if valsartan should be seen in same chromatogram at dissent time. The 237 nm can be chosen as compromise signal for nearly equal peaks height with high sensitivity is not essential. The 225 nm signal shows much higher sensitivity for atenolol and less increase for valsartan peaks, which can be used when higher sensitivities will be essential. Linearity was examined and proven at different concentration levels in the range of working concentration of valsartan (0.16–0.96 mg/mL) and atenolol (0.2–1.20 mg/mL). The high value of recoveries obtained for valsartan and atenolol indicates that the proposed method was found to be accurate. The results of proposed method found to be an excellent green analysis with a score of 84. Conclusion. A new fast, simple and green, but selective, accurate, precise and robust HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and atenolol in newly formulated dosage form was developed and many possible variations of the same were suggested. The developed method for the simultaneous quantification of valsartan and atenolol in their challenging binary mixture offers simplicity essential for quality control of a large number of samples in short time intervals, which is necessary for routine analysis. The method was subjected to greenness profile assessment. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Valsartan Atenolol HPLC-UV Method Development Validation Green chemistry Novel HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of valsartan and atenolol in fixed dosage form; Study of green profile assessment Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e52119 2021-01-07 pharmacia

Institute of Organic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, Ukraine author Golembiovska, Оlena Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine author Voskoboinik, Oleksii Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine author Berest, Galina Zaporizhzhya State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine author Kovalenko, Sergiy I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Logoyda, Liliya 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 53 59 2021 10.14412/1996-7012-2010-609 10.3949/ccjm.69.Suppl_1.SI31 Comparative characteristics of the therapeutic action of the 4-(3-methyl-2-oxo-2Н-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-с]quinazolin-6-yl)butanoic acid (DSK-38 compound) and diclofenac on blood biochemical parameters on a model of adjuvant arthritis. VV Grib author 2015 text Kuban Scientific Medical Journal 2015 5 154 43 47 Analytical methods for residual solvents determination in pharmaceutical products. K Grodowska author 2010 text Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica – Drug Research 2010 67 1 13 26 10.1023/A:1022693516409 1995 1995 ICH Q2 (1995) ICH Q2 (R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology, EMA/CPMP/ICH/381/1995. 2006 2006 ICH Q3C (2006) ICH Q3C (R6) Guideline on Impurities: Guideline for Residual solvents, EMA/CHMP/ICH/82260/2006. 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.036 SI Kovalenko author 2012 2012 10.1039/9781849735346 The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in the early 21st century. AL Nasanov author 2003 text Russian Medical Journal 2003 11 7 375 378 10.1124/pr.56.3.3 GI Stepanyuk author 2013 2013 10.1096/fj.03-0645rev 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e52119 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52119/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52119/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/52119/download/xml/ Aim. The aim of study was to develop and validate a simple, precise and accurate method using gas chromatography for analysis of residual solvents – acetone and 2-propanol – in quinabut API. Materials and methods. All experiments were performed on a gas chromatographic system equipped with FID detector (Shimadzu GC System) using the DB-624 (30 m × 0.32 mm ID, 3.0 μm film sickness) column as stationary phase. Nitrogen was used as carrier gas with flow rate 7.5 mL/ min. Split ratio was 1:5, injector temperature was 140 °C, detector temperature was 250 °C, oven temperature was programmed from 40 °C (2 min) to 50 °C at 1 °C/min and then increased at a rate of 15 °C/min up to 215 °C; and maintained for 2 min. All solutions were prepared using water as diluent. Results. This proposed method is assessed for separation of residual solvent from quinabut with quantification. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding specified limits of ICH standard guidelines. The method validation was done by evaluating specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, repeatability, ruggedness, system suitability and method precision of residual solvents as indicated in the ICH harmonized tripartite guideline. The separation between acetone and 2-propanol peaks is 2.07. Hence method was found to be specific. The linear relationship evaluated across range of 15 to 180% for acetone and 2-propanol of ICH specified limit of residual solvents. The graphs of theoretical concentration versus obtained concentration are linear and the regression coefficients ‘R’ for residual solvents were more than 0.9968. The values of LOD and LOQ were much less than the lower limit of the concentration range and cannot affect the accuracy of the test. The technique was characterized by high intra-laboratory accuracy at concentrations close to the nominal acetone and 2-propanol concentration. All solutions were stable in water for at least 1 hour when stored at room temperature. Conclusion. A simple, specific, accurate, precise and rugged gas chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of residual solvents present in quinabut API through an understanding of the synthetic process, nature of solvents and nature of stationary phases of columns. The residual solvents acetone and 2-propanol were determined. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Gas Chromatography Quinabut Residual Solvents Validation Method development and validation for the determination of residual solvents in quinabut API by using gas chromatography. Message 2 Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e54581 2021-01-07 pharmacia

University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Omeragic, Elma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-4926 University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Marjanovic, Aleksandra University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Djedjibegovic, Jasmina University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Turalic, Amila University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Dedic, Mirza University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Niksic, Haris University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Lugudic, Aida University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina author Sober, Miroslav 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 35 42 2021 10.1186/s12970-019-0296-5 10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.12.011 10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.365 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x 10.1016/j.csm.2005.03.005 10.1177/0363546505280428 10.1111/sms.12336 10.1590/S1517-86922013000200009 10.1097/00042752-200301000-00007 BR Davis author 2015 2015 N Dikić author 2010 2010 10.1378/chest.09-0865 10.1007/s00421-013-2746-0 Use of acetaminophen in young subelite athletes. M Garcin author 2005 text The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2005 45 4 604 647 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062166 10.1123/ijsnem.21.4.271 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002090 10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.31 10.1111/sms.13275 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.075275 10.1080/0264041031000140581 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099510 10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2009 10.1136/bjsm.2004.015842 10.1002/pds.1191 10.1093/her/18.1.98 10.5550/sgia.151101.en.005O 10.1136/bjsm.2009.059980 10.1348/135910705X43606 10.26582/k.48.1.11 E Pašalić author 1999 1999 10.1186/1550-2783-4-19 Effect Of Paracetamol And Acetylsalicylic Acid Intake On Short Term Anaerobic Performance. D Petrů author 2017 text Journal Of Physical Education And Sport (JPES) 2017 17 4 2669 2673 10.1002/art.21357 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.005 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.004 10.1016/S0735-6757(03)00100-1 10.1123/ijsnem.13.3.320 10.1177/036354659702500419 10.1152/ajpregu.00611.2010 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00325-1 10.1249/01.mss.0000210209.40694.09 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0087 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e54581 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54581/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54581/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/54581/download/xml/ Objectives: Food supplements and medicines which are not on the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency are included in the group of permitted pharmacological agents for athlete’s recovery. The aim of this study was to describe qualitatively and quantitatively food supplements (FS) and over-the-counter drugs use among athletes in the last six month. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data on food supplements and the over-the-counter drugs, usage were collected during 2018 by self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. Results: A total of 112 athletes completed the survey. A total of 51.8% (n = 58) athletes reported the use of food supplements. The use of medical supplements was reported by 50.0% (n = 56) of athletes, 26.8% (n = 30) reported using ergogenic supplements, 1.8% (n = 2) using of sports food and 4.5% (n = 5) using other supplements. The use of over-the-counter drugs was reported by 35.7% (n = 40) of athletes. The over-the-counter analgesic drugs were used by 95% (n = 38) of over-the-counter drug users. Concomitant administration two or more over-the-counter drugs was reported by 40% (n = 16) athletes. Doctors and coaches had no advisory role in the use of food supplements or over-the-counter drugs. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society athletes drugs food supplements OTC analgesic drugs sport Prevalence of use of permitted pharmacological substances for recovery among athletes Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56987 2021-01-07 pharmacia

Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Kilova, Kristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-1972 Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria author Mihaylova, Anna A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-6074 Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria author Peikova, Lily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3479 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 9 14 2021 10.1186/s13643-018-0727-4 10.1007/s11096-019-00816-4 10.2146/ajhp170039 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.005 10.1093/ajhp/56.14.1405 10.3390/medicina55070327 10.3233/JRS-2011-0513 10.2146/ajhp060392 10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w 10.1211/PJ.2020.20208063 10.1089/153056201316970902 10.1093/ajhp/60.24.2577 R Cooper author 2020 2020 10.14748/.v4i1.5511 Z Dimitrova author 2005 Pharmaceutical Care. University press Sv. 2005 15 pp 10.2146/ajhp090643 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.030 CCRA recognizes pharmacy services. S Felix author 2004 text Pharm Post 2004 12 1 6 10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08110 2020 2020 FIP Health Advisory (2020) COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines for Pharmacists and the Pharmacy Workforce March 26. 1–29. https://www.fip.org/files/content/priority-areas/coronavirus/COVID-19-Guidelines-for-pharmacists-and-the-pharmacy-workforce.pdf 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.013 10.1089/tmj.2005.11.460 10.1093/ajhp/59.8.716 10.1089/tmj.2007.0045 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.001 10.1331/JAPhA.2009.08128 SA Margolis author 2008 2008 2014–2020 2014–2020 National Health Strategy (2014–2020) National Health Strategy. https://www.mh.government.bg/media/filer_public/2015/06/26/proekt-nacionalna-zdravna-strategiq-2014-2020.pdf 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.008 Drug related problems identified by European community pharmacists in patients discharged from hospital. EI Paulino author 2004 text Pharmacy World & Science 2004 26 6 353 360 V Petkova author 2017 2017 2020a 2020a PGEU PR (2020a) PGEU PR Community pharmacists in the frontline in the fight against the novel corona-virus disease (COVID-19). [13 March 2020] https://www.pgeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PR-Community-Pharmacists-in-the-frontline-in-the-fight-against-coronavirus.pdf 2020b 2020b PGEU PR (2020b) PGEU PR Community pharmacists supporting patients and healthcare systems during COVID-19 [15 May 2020] https://www.pgeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PGEU-PR-Community-Pharmacists-supporting-patients-and-healthcare-systems-during-COVID-19-15-May.pdf 10.1093/ajh/hpaa057 10.1186/1471-2369-12-35 М Stoycheva author 2012 2012 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56987 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56987/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56987/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56987/download/xml/ This article discusses the opportunities of information and communication technologies for providing pharmaceutical care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The global COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a reorientation of the concept of providing health care to large-scale implementation of information technologies to improve the quality of medical and pharmaceutical services for the population. It had a significant impact on pharmacy, which necessitated changes in the management of pharmaceutical care for patients. Rapid and urgent measures were taken by the pharmacists, who found themselves at the forefront. Telepharmacy has proven to be a successful solution in the fight against the virus in the conditions of physical distance. The introduction of modern information and communication technologies worldwide will create significant advantages for more efficient use of resources and management of pharmaceutical care. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society health care pharmaceutical services pharmacist telemedicine telepharmacy Opportunities of information communication technologies for providing pharmaceutical care in the COVID-19 pandemic Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e57819 2021-01-07 pharmacia

University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq author Al-Rafyai, Hawraa University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq author Alwash, Mourouge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-7135 University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq author Al-Khafaji, Noor S.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-9246 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 1 7 2021 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e57819 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57819/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57819/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/57819/download/xml/ Aquatic environment contamination remains a foremost global public health hazards, and symbolizes a significant reservoir of releasing antibiotic resistant bacteria. The survival of Escherichia coli in aquatic environments serves as a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance, encompassing but not restricted to a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) mechanism. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Sixty-one waterborne E. coli with known phylogroups/subgroups isolated from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq, were screened for the phenotypic resistance to third-generation quinolones (levofloxacin and ofloxacin) and were further analysed for the presence of the qnrA gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty-seven (93.4%) of 61 E. coli isolates were levofloxacin-resistant, and 55 (90.2%) were ofloxacin-resistant. Among the 57 quinolone-resistant E. coli, 40 (65.57%) isolates were found to carry the PMQR-qnrA gene. Among the 40 qnrA-positive E. coli, 22 (36.1%) isolates were in phylogroup B2, followed by 8 (13.1%) isolates in phylogroup D, 6 (9.8%) isolates in phylogroup B1, and 4 (6.6%) isolates in phylogroup A. The presence of the PMQR-qnrA gene in E. coli belonging to phylogroup B2 and D reflects the need for routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Al-Hillah River. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Aquatic environment Escherichia coli qnrA gene Quinolone resistance Quinolone resistance (qnrA) gene in isolates of Escherichia coli collected from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56715 2021-01-07 pharmacia

Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Marchyshyn, Svitlana Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Slobodianiuk, Liudmyla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-1305 Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Budniak, Liliia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-1344 Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine author Skrynchuk, Olha 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 15 21 2021 10.1016/j.mex.2018.05.014 10.1016/0031-9422(80)85059-X 10.7324/JAPS.2015.50305 10.1007/s11101-015-9414-4 RYu Basaraba author 2019 2019 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.014 Determination of antioxidant activity of Crambe cordifolia. SM Bukhari author 2013 text World Applied Sciences Journal 2013 22 11 1561 1565 10.5505/tjb.2014.92005 10.3109/07388551.2014.924474 10.1016/S0168-1656(01)00278-4 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i6.35282 10.1016/S1520-765X(01)90115-4 10.17221/1379-CJFS 10.1006/abio.1993.1244 Determination of sugars and fructans content in Stachys sieboldii. L Husak author 2018 text International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2018 12 70 74 10.3897/pharmacia.66.e37893 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00065.x 10.15587/2519-4852.2018.135132 10.15414/agrobiodiversity.2017.2585-8246.216-220 Microbiological production of citric and isocitric acids from sunflower oil. SV Kamzolova author 2008 text Food Technology and Biotechnology 2008 46 1 51 59 10.1007/s002530100804 Recovery of pyruvate from fermentation broth by using ion exchange resin chromatography. Y Li author 2001 text Journal of Wuxi University of Light Industry 2001 20 4 335 339 10.1021/jf011440s 10.1007/s40034-017-0101-4 Chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of Crambe cordifolia roots. MA Rashid author 2018 text Farmacia 2018 66 1 165 171 10.1080/14786410802611303 10.1007/BF02249689 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i5.33909 10.31688/ABMU.2018.53.4.06 Research of fatty acid composition of common centaury herbs and crosne herbs. LI Stoyko author 2015 text Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences 2015 6 1 9 10.4025/actasciagron.v33i4.8248 The accumulation of nutrients in underground parts of plants of the genus Crambe L. spp. OM Vergun author 2018 text Plant Introduction 2018 78 2 3 11 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.046 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56715 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56715/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56715/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56715/download/xml/ Crambe cordifolia Steven is a perennial herb and contains many biologically active substances, including amino acids, quercetin and glycosides of kaempferol. In continuation of the investigation of these plant compounds, it is advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of carboxylic acids. Using a HPLC method the quantitative content of the following organic acids was identified and determined: pyruvic (40.66 mg/g), isocitric (12.88 mg/g), citric (8.71 mg/g), succinic (38.03 mg/g) and malic (0.75 mg/g). Among fatty acids the saturated and unsaturated acids were determined by the GC/MS method. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the total fatty acids was 56.97%, saturated – 38.53% and monounsaturated – 4.50%. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominated among the determined 7 fatty acids, their content was 9.68 mg/g (47.87%) and 4.88 mg/g (24.14%). The results of the study show that Crambe cordifolia Steven leaves is a source of carboxylic acids. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society Crambe cordifolia Steven fatty acids GC/MS HPLC organic acids Analysis of carboxylic acids of Crambe cordifolia Steven Research Article

10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56543 2021-01-07 pharmacia

University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Bulbul, Md Z.H. University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Chowdhury, Tasneem S. University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Mlisbah, Md M.H. University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Ferdous, Jannatul University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Dey, Sujan Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh author Hasan, Imtiaj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-9022 Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan author Fujii, Yuki Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan author Ozeki, Yasuhiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-6158 University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh author Kawsar, Sarkar 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 Pharmacia 2603-557X 0428-0296 68 1 23 34 2021 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.109 D Amsterdam author 2005 Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media. In: Lorian V (Ed.) Antibiotics in laboratory medicine (5th ed.). L. 2005 61 pp 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82429-2 10.23893/1307-2080.APS.05622 10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493 10.1016/B978-044450951-2/50005-9 10.1038/sj.onc.1206952 10.1039/jr9480001685 10.23893/1307-2080.APS.05704 CJ Groeningen author 1986 1986 Toximetric Studies of fungicides against the brown rot organisms, Sclerotinia fructicola and S. laxa. RK Grover author 1962 text Phytopathology 1962 52 876 879 10.1007/978-1-4684-7529-6_9 10.1248/cpb.28.2367 10.1055/s-1975-23804 An efficient synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of some uridine derivatives. S Jesmin author 2017 text Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society 2017 29 12 20 10.1038/nrd4010 10.2174/1573406411309010053 Synthesis of some new derivatives of D-mannose. AKMS Kabir author 2005 text Chittagong University Journal of Science 2005 29 1 8 Biological evaluation of some mannopyranoside derivatives. AKMS Kabir author 2004 text Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences 2004 23 83 91 Selective acylation of uridine using the dibutyltin oxide and direct methods. AKMS Kabir author 1997 text Chittagong University Studies Part-II: Science 1997 21 39 45 10.3797/scipharm.1308-03 10.4236/ijoc.2015.54023 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILCPA.64.95 Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect of some uridine derivatives. SMA Kawsar author 2018 text International Journal of Bioscience 2018 12 211 219 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.036 MW King author 2006 2006 10.1134/S002689331206012X GC-MS analysis and pass-assisted prediction of biological activity spectra of extract of phomopsis sp. isolated from Andrographhis paniculata. S Kumaresan author 2015 text World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2015 4 1035 1053 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.020 Evaluation of MIC, MBC, MFC and anticancer activities of acylated methyl β-D-galactopyranoside esters. MMH Misbah author 2020 text International Journal of Bioscience 2020 16 299 309 10.2165/00002018-199410040-00002 10.1124/dmd.104.000737 10.2174/0929867043455774 10.5267/j.ccl.2015.12.001 10.1248/cpb.31.1437 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.005 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e56543 https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56543/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56543/download/pdf/ https://pharmacia.pensoft.net/article/56543/download/xml/ Nucleoside derivatives are important therapeutic drugs and are the focal point in the ongoing search for novel, more potent drug targets. In this study, a new series of pyrimidine nucleoside i.e., uridine (1) derivatives were synthesized via direct method and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential activity. The title compound uridine (1) was treated with triphenylmethyl chloride in pyridine to give the 5´-O-(triphenylmethyl)uridine derivative (2), which was subsequently derivatized to create a series of 2´,3´-di-O-acyl analogs containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. In vitro antimicrobial functionality tests were determined against both human and plant pathogens by disc diffusion and food poisoned techniques. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral, analytical, physicochemical data. The antimicrobial results indicated that the synthesized derivatives exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity; in particular, they were found to be more effective against fungal phytopathogens than against human bacterial strains. Compounds 7, 9, and 14 were of particular interest as they exhibited noteworthy antifungal and antibacterial properties. In vitro MTT assays revealed that compound 9 was effective against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, resulting in 7.12% and 1.34% cell growth inhibition at concentrations of 200 and 6.25 µg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value for compound 9 was rather high and found to be 1956.25 µg/ml. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were also conducted to predict structural and pharmacokinetic properties. The findings of this study indicate that the different uridine derivatives are potentially useful antimicrobial agents for the advancement of future pharmaceutical research. text/html en_US Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Scientific Society uridine synthesis antimicrobial anticancer SAR studies Synthesis of new series of pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives bearing the acyl moieties as potential antimicrobial agents Research Article cGFnZT0xJnNldD1waGFybWFjaWEmZnJvbT0mdW50aWw9Jm1ldGFkYXRhX3ByZWZpeD1tb2Rz