Corresponding author: Yuriy Oktysyuk ( oktysyuk@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Maya Georgieva
© 2020 Olena Cherepyuk, Yuriy Oktysyuk, Alexandra Bazalytska, Mykola Rozhko.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Cherepyuk O, Oktysyuk Y, Bazalytska A, Rozhko M (2020) Correction of disordered oral immunity in children affected by dental caries with herbal immune modulator “Esberitox”. Pharmacia 67(4): 347-450. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e35069
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Dental caries is the most prevalent pathological condition in the child population of Ukraine. Despite the achievements of medical science, dental caries in children remains one of the most actual problems nowadays. Epidemiological investigations conducted in different regions of Ukraine demonstrate that 62% of children have decay and in many parts of the country the statistic is even higher up to 96.5% when the intensity of carious damage fluctuates between 3.2 to 7.2 teeth. This article reflects the results of the study regarding correction of disordered oral immunity indexes by immune modulator “Esberitox” in children affected by different caries activity. We have confirmed the high efficiency of the recommended scheme of caries prophylaxis that is proved by positive dynamic of oral immunological indexes observed 24 month after the beginning of the research. There was a certain rise of lysozyme by about 21.1% and s-IgA has increased by 28% in children from prophylactic groups in comparison with control groups.
children, dental caries, lysozyme, oral liquid, secretory immunoglobulin A
Dental caries still affects large numbers of children up to 98% according to some epidemiological findings and there is little improvement of this problem. The statistic varies worldwide from 1% to 70% and there is a difference in levels of decay between the communities. The investigation by
In Ukraine the statistic also illustrates the high level of caries intensity and prevalence. According to
The child’s body is at the constant state of development and it has been established that caries and its complications might cause a massive influence on the maxillofacial system and health in general. The decay is also affected by detrimental environmental pesticides and other chemicals in products, water and soil. The role of eco-pathogenic risk is of vital importance in pediatric stomatology as any hazardous substances may be extremely harmful in any amount and doses to the child’s well being. The statistic provided by
The findings of
According to
The article demonstrates the results gained by correction of oral immunity indexes in 12 year old children with different caries activity by administration of herbal immune modulator. The results showed that the rational usage of “Esberitox” increases s-Ig A and lysozyme in oral liquid of the main group comparing with the control group.
We have investigated sixty-one 12 years old children affected by dental caries. The main group consisted of 30 children, the control group-of 31 children. Dental examination was performed according to methods recommended by
Children from the control group were introduced with oral hygiene and caries treatment.
The efficiency of the recommended treatment was assessed by content of lysozyme and s-IgA in oral liquid of children. Oral liquid was collected in the morning before breakfast by a sterile pipette from the cavity floor into a sterile container. To estimate lysozyme in oral liquid the day flush of agar Micrococcus lysodeicticus 1/15 M with phosphate buffer рН 6.2 was prepared in advance. The obtained suspension of Micrococcus was standardized by photo-electro-calorimeter KFK-2 with a green light filter until the optical density of 0.66. Defrosted oral liquid 0.1 ml was poured into a test tube (diluted 4 times with 1/15 М of phosphate buffer рН 6.2) and 2.0 ml of standardized suspension of Micrococcus. The phosphate buffer 0.5 ml рН 6.2 1/15 М and 2.0 ml of suspension of Micrococcus were transferred into three control tubes. The tubes were incubated for 30 minutes at temperature 37 °С and optical density was estimated using KFK-2 by the right drum with a green light filter. The amount of lysozyme was assessed by the special gauge tables measured in mcg/ml.
The study of oral humoral immunity was conducted by estimation of secretory immunoglobulin A(s-IgA) in oral liquid using immune enzymatic analysis with the reagent kit „s-IgA – IFA-BEST” (ZAT „Vector Best , Russia”).
We followed the ethical standards when working with the examined children and obtained the written permission from both parents for collection and investigation of biological materials.
The data was processed with Statistica 10.0 and the obtained results were analyzed using the Student distribution law. The difference between the compared groups was considered as statistically proved if the obtained probability index (p) did not exceed the selected initial level (α = 0.05) or was equal, therefore p ≤ 0.05) was used as significance level.
There has been a steady rise of lysozyme in oral liquid by 11.52% from (33.25±1.52) to (37.5±1.67) mcg/ml in children of the main group diagnosed with compensated caries established 24 month after the recommended complex in contrast to initial data (p < 0.05) (Table
Indices of lysozyme and s-IgА in oral liquid of children before and after treatment (M±m).
Indexes | Main group | Control group | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Before treatment | After 24 month | Before treatment | After 24 month | |
Compensated dental caries | ||||
Lysozyme, mcg/ml | 33.25±1.52 | 37.5±1.67 | 32.64±1.47 | 33.1±1.66 |
S-IgA, g/l | 0.24±0.02 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.23±0.03 | 0.24±0.02 |
Sub-compensated dental caries | ||||
Lysozyme, mcg/ml | 24.55±2.14 | 33.1±2.31*° | 24.38±2.16 | 22.1±2.52 |
S-IgA, g/l | 0.17±0.03 | 0.25±0.02*° | 0.18±0.03 | 0.17±0.03 |
De-compensated dental caries | ||||
Lysozyme, mcg/ml | 19.31±2.34 | 28.94±2.31*° | 18.94±2.36 | 17.39±2.22 |
S-IgA, g/l | 0.13±0.03 | 0.22±0.02*° | 0.14±0.03 | 0.13±0.03 |
The positive changes of lysozyme have also been noticed in children diagnosed with sub-compensated caries 2 years after the treatment and have increased in 1.4 times comparing to initial data(p < 0.05).
However, the most impressive results have been achieved in children with de-compensated caries when the amount of lysozyme has increased by 33.28% from (19.31±2.34) mcg/ml to (28.94±2.31) mcg/ml (p < 0.05) that was recorded 2 years after the recommended complex treatment.
In children of the control group, on the other hand, the indices of lysozyme did not differ from the initial data according to examination taken 2 years after the beginning of the research (p > 0.05).
There is an evidence to summarize that there was a rise of s-IgA by 14.29% (p > 0.05) observed in children with compensated caries after the appointed treatment. Comparing the end and the beginning of the research we have recorded also an 1.47-fold increased amount of s-IgA (p < 0.05) in children diagnosed with sub-compensated caries. The analysis of s-IgA in children with de-compensated caries shows a 1.7-fold rise in the values from (0.13±0.03) to (0.22±0.02) g/l (p < 0.05). Concentration of s-IgA has not experienced any changes in children from the control groups after 2 years (p > 0.05).
The findings of the study (Chomenko et al. 2013;
The oral enzyme lysozyme is one of the important factors that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between the carbohydrate units in the polysacharide backbone in peptidoglycan. The results of the researches conducted by (
The results gained 24 month after the appointed treatment suggest that in children from the main group with sub-compensated caries there was a certain 1.5-fold increase of lysozyme; in children with de-compensated caries this index has increased 1.7 times as compared to the initial statistical data and indices in the control group (p < 0.05).
The amount of s-IgA has increased by 32% 2 years after the recommended treatment in children with sub-compensated caries and there was a growth by 41% in children with de-compensated caries in comparison to the initial level (p < 0.05).
There has been a marked progress in prevention of dental caries by administration of the herbal immune modulator in children with moderate and high caries activity and we definitely recommend it for endogenic prophylaxis.