The proposed mechanism of action of multi compounds in C. longa rhizome on trans-signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, and TLR) and their interaction with target proteins against COVID-19. JAK/STAT, The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT); PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K); MAPK, Mitogenactivated protein kinase; NF-KB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; TLR, Toll-Like receptor; 4HA, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid; CC, Cyclocurcumin; CA, Caffeic acid; DC, demetoxycurcumin. The figure was created using Biorender (https://biorender.com/).

 
 
  Part of: Indradi RB, Pitaloka DAE, Suryani (2022) Network pharmacology to uncover potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory constituents in Curcuma longa rhizome as complementary treatment in COVID-19. Pharmacia 69(4): 995-1003. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e89799