Mean NGAL Levels in Different Treatment Groups. The bar graph illustrates the mean NGAL levels (± SD) in the normal control group (NC), positive control group (PC), pre-eclampsia group with nifedipine treatment (PE+NIF), pre-eclampsia group with olive leaf extract treatment (PE+OLE), and pre-eclampsia group with a combination of nifedipine and olive leaf extract treatment (PE+NIF+OLE). The data reveal significant differences in NGAL levels among the treatment groups, highlighting the potential of combined interventions in mitigating renal injury associated with pre-eclampsia.