Mean and standard deviation (SD) of MDA levels in various treatment groups: Normal Control (NC), Positive Control (PC), Pre-eclampsia + Nifedipine (PE+NIF), Pre-eclampsia + Olive leaf extract (PE+OLE), and Pre-eclampsia + Nifedipine + Olive leaf extract (PE+NIF+OLE). The error bars represent the standard deviation, highlighting the variability within each group. Significantly reduced MDA levels were observed in the PE+NIF+OLE group (yellow) compared to other groups, indicating the potential efficacy of the combined intervention in mitigating oxidative stress associated with pre-eclampsia.

 
 
  Part of: Anggraini Y, Soetrisno S, Wasita B, Cilmiaty R (2024) Effects of olive leaf extract and nifedipine, alone and in combination, on blood pressure, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels in an Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced rat model of preeclampsia. Pharmacia 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e122471