Via mTOR-dependent HIF-1 alfa activation, GLP-1R signaling impacts glucose metabolism in beta cells. When GLP-1 binds with its receptor GLP-1R (G-protein receptor), adenylyl cyclase (AC) is activated. The cyclic ATP is increased, which promotes the mTOR pathway in beta cells, HIF-1 alfa upregulates the transcription of glycolic genes. The increased glycolic enzymes lead to elevated glycolytic flux and capacity, these increase the ATP and results in GSIS (glucose stimulated insulin secretion).