The anti-diabetic effect of FMN. FMN significantly reduced glucose (A) and increased insulin (B) levels in diabetic mice. HOMA-IR (C) was significantly reduced with FMN treatment. Mice were fed with HFD for 9 weeks followed by two low doses of STZ injection (40 mg/kg) after diabetes was confirmed, mice were treated with 20 mg/kg FMN or 200 mg/kg metformin for 28 days, mice were then sacrificed, and serum collected for ELISA analysis. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc, *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001. VC; vehicle control.